{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T16:59:26Z","timestamp":1756573166935,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some recent observational studies have shown that gut microbiota composition is associated with puerperal sepsis (PS) and no causal effect have been attributed to this. The aim of this study was to determine a causal association between gut microbiota and PS by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study performed MR analysis on the publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary level data in order to explore the causal effects between gut microbiota and PS. Gut microbiota GWAS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918,340) were obtained from the MiBioGen study and GWAS-summary-level data for PS were obtained from the UK Biobank (PS, 3,940 cases; controls, 202,267 cases). Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with each feature were identified based on a significance threshold of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20091.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) parameter was used as the primary method for MR and it was supplemented by other methods. Additionally, a set of sensitivity analytical methods, including the MR-Egger intercept, Mendelian randomized polymorphism residual and outlier, Cochran\u2019s Q and the leave-one-out tests were carried out to assess the robustness of our findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study found 3 species of gut microbiota, <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae FCS020<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae NK4A136<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae NK4A214,<\/jats:italic> to be associated with PS. The IVW method indicated an approximately 19% decreased risk of PS per standard deviation increase with <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae FCS020<\/jats:italic> (OR\u2009=\u20090.81; 95% CI 0.66\u20131.00, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047). A similar trend was also found with <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae NK4A136<\/jats:italic> (OR\u2009=\u20090.80; 95% CI 0.66\u20130.97, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024). However, <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae NK4A214<\/jats:italic> was positively associated with the risk of PS (OR\u2009=\u20091.33, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This two-sample MR study firstly found suggestive evidence of beneficial and detrimental causal associations of gut microbiota on the risk of PS. This may provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of microbiota-mediated PS and potential strategies for its prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1407324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T14:48:01Z","timestamp":1718203681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causal relationship between gut microbiota and puerperal sepsis: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Liu-dan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-jin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-xin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi-jun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuo-hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-ye","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suren R.","family":"Sooranna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao-he","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02989-1","article-title":"The gut microbiome's role in the development, maintenance, and outcomes of sepsis","volume":"24","author":"Adelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2019030614","article-title":"Gut microbiota and metabolic disorders: advances in therapeutic interventions","volume":"39","author":"Akash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00352-6","article-title":"Host-microbiome interactions: gut-liver axis and its connection with other organs","volume":"8","author":"Anand","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00845-13","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis and depletion of butyrogenic bacteria in Clostridium difficile infection and nosocomial diarrhea","volume":"51","author":"Antharam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.01.014","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201cenvironmental contamination by bacteria in hospital washrooms according to hand-drying method: a multi-centre study\u201d","volume":"101","author":"Best","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559","article-title":"Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from Mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants","volume":"28","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6835","article-title":"Combining information on multiple instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization: comparison of allele score and summarized data methods","volume":"35","author":"Burgess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr036","article-title":"Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"40","author":"Burgess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.157","article-title":"The human skin microbiome","volume":"16","author":"Byrd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2015.08.010","article-title":"Maternal Sepsis and septic shock","volume":"32","author":"Chebbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2014-1108","article-title":"Minireview: gut microbiota: the neglected endocrine organ","volume":"28","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol. (Baltimore, MD)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000362","article-title":"Maternal mortality in the United States: a review of contemporary data and their limitations","volume":"61","author":"Creanga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00427-0","article-title":"The microbiome and critical illness","volume":"315","author":"Dickson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-019-02254-7","article-title":"Characterization of microbial communities in ethanol biorefineries","volume":"47","author":"Firmino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2020.101671","article-title":"The immune system and microbiome in pregnancy","author":"Fuhler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007","article-title":"Immune, health and endocrine characteristics of depressed postpartum mothers","volume":"32","author":"Groer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15199","article-title":"Randomised controlled trials - the gold standard for effectiveness research: study design: randomised controlled trials","volume":"125","author":"Hariton","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102","article-title":"Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption","volume":"46","author":"Hartwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34408","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408","article-title":"The MR-base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome","volume":"7","author":"Hemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9818","article-title":"Incidence of maternal Sepsis and Sepsis-related maternal deaths in the United States","volume":"322","author":"Hensley","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1039\/c8fo02364f","article-title":"Anti-inflammation effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from Acaudina molpadioides by altering gut microbiota in obese mice","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-013-0491-6","article-title":"Stability of the maternal gut microbiota during late pregnancy and early lactation","volume":"68","author":"Jost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.002","article-title":"Delivery-associated sepsis: trends in prevalence and mortality","volume":"220","author":"Kendle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111921","article-title":"Urinary tract infection and microbiome","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2015.11.004","article-title":"The gut as the Motor of Multiple Organ Dysfunction in critical illness","volume":"32","author":"Klingensmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.008","article-title":"Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy","volume":"150","author":"Koren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00763-1","article-title":"Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition","volume":"53","author":"Kurilshikov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12954","article-title":"Incidence and causes of maternal mortality in the USA","volume":"42","author":"Kuriya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","article-title":"FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population","volume":"613","author":"Kurki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j2376","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2376","article-title":"Serum uric acid levels and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of evidence from observational studies, randomised controlled trials, and Mendelian randomisation studies","volume":"357","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research ed)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645060","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.645060","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota taxonomic compositions of patients with Sepsis in a pediatric intensive care unit","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"250","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: lessons from the IL-10 gene-deficient mouse","volume":"24","author":"Madsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Invest. Med."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00199-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00199-16","article-title":"Extreme dysbiosis of the microbiome in critical illness","volume":"1","author":"McDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e770","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.770","article-title":"Dynamic change of fecal microbiota and metabolomics in a polymicrobial murine sepsis model","volume":"9","author":"Muratsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acute Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000455207","article-title":"The pregnancy microbiome","volume":"88","author":"Neuman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr. Inst. Workshop Ser."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32834c800d","article-title":"Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth","volume":"18","author":"Newbern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0986-9","article-title":"Puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal deaths at a tertiary university teaching Hospital in Uganda","volume":"16","author":"Ngonzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737197","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.737197","article-title":"Gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"12","author":"Ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8045646","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8045646","article-title":"The human microbiome and its impacts on health","volume":"2020","author":"Ogunrinola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400731","article-title":"The gut flora as a forgotten organ","volume":"7","author":"O'Hara","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000269","article-title":"Managing maternal Sepsis: early warning criteria to ECMO","volume":"60","author":"Padilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14389-8","article-title":"Physical activity and risks of breast and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis","volume":"11","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2018171","article-title":"Recognition and Management of Sepsis in the obstetric patient","volume":"29","author":"Parfitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.01.216","article-title":"SMFM consult series #47: Sepsis during pregnancy and the puerperium","volume":"220","author":"Plante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1894070","article-title":"The impact of the gut microbiota on the reproductive and metabolic endocrine system","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12294","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota in human nutrition and metabolism","volume":"28","author":"Ramakrishna","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060546","article-title":"The female reproductive tract microbiome-implications for gynecologic cancers and personalized medicine","volume":"11","author":"Rizzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1825","article-title":"Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology","volume":"11","author":"Salzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for Sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20392","article-title":"Analysis of bacterial bowel communities of IBD patients: what has it revealed?","volume":"14","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.05.005","article-title":"Functional and genomic variation between human-derived isolates of Lachnospiraceae reveals inter- and intra-species diversity","volume":"28","author":"Sorbara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7280.226","article-title":"Sifting the evidence-what's wrong with significance tests?","volume":"322","author":"Sterne","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research ed)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4627","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa068","article-title":"Compositional flux within the intestinal microbiota and risk for bloodstream infection with gram-negative Bacteria","volume":"73","author":"Stoma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s44231-022-00001-8","article-title":"intestinal microbiota in sepsis","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Res."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040573","article-title":"The controversial role of human gut Lachnospiraceae","volume":"8","author":"Vacca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179721","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking toll-like receptor 5","volume":"328","author":"Vijay-Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2117784","article-title":"The effects of microbiota on reproductive health: a review","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15960","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics in caesarean delivery before or after cord clamping - protecting the mother at the expense of the infant's microbiota?","volume":"127","author":"Winther","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i19.2376","article-title":"Effects of sepsis and its treatment measures on intestinal flora structure in critical care patients","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234924","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1234924","article-title":"Gut microbiota and sepsis: bidirectional Mendelian study and mediation analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1407324\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T14:48:06Z","timestamp":1718203686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1407324\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1407324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1407324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-302X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"article-number":"1407324"}}