{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:01:45Z","timestamp":1792033305892,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma capsulatum (<\/jats:italic>\n                    var.\n                    <jats:italic>capsulatum Hcc and duboisii Hcd)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is a dimorphic fungus that causes histoplasmosis. It usually affects people coming from endemic areas, causing a variety of clinical manifestations up to progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH), especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a systematic review to assess histoplasmosis burden of PLWH in Europe. The review follows PRISMA guidelines, with protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023429779). Seventy-eight articles were selected, including 109 patients (32 women). On overall, median age was 37\u2009years. Forty-six patients were Americans, 39 Africans, 17 Europeans, 5 Asians, in 2 cases nationality was not specified. Cases were mainly diagnosed in Italy (28.4%), France (17.3%) and Spain (17.4%), with a north\u2013south gradient. Six cases lacked epidemiologic links with endemic areas. Concerning CDC HIV staging at diagnosis, the information was available for 60 PLWH (55%) and all subjects were at stage C3 except for two subjects at stage B3. PDH was the AIDS-presenting illness in 39 patients. Most patients had a PDH (80.7%); other common extrapulmonary forms were isolated cutaneous histoplasmosis (7.3%), or lymphatic localization (2.7%). In 30 cases, the diagnosis was made by analyzing only one sample. For the remaining 79 cases, multiple samples were collected from each patient. Regarding the biological sample more frequently used for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, bronchoalveolar lavage sample was taken from 39 patients, and tested positive in 51.3% of cases; 36 patients underwent a skin biopsy which was positive in 86.1% of cases and 28 patients performed bone-marrow biopsy, which led to the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in 92.9% of cases. The identification of\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma capsulatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was available in 97 PLWH through examination of different samples:\n                    <jats:italic>Hcc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Hcd<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified in 89 and 8 PLWH, respectively. Concerning therapies, 67.9% were treated with liposomal amphotericin B, 18.3% with itraconazole, 10 died pre-treatment. The overall mortality rate was 23.6%. Non-survivors exhibited more frequently gastrointestinal symptoms (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.017), while cutaneous signs correlated with better survival (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05). Untreated patients faced higher mortality (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Histoplasmosis should be considered amongst opportunistic infection in PLWH, even in Europe, especially if patients originate from or have travelled to endemic areas.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Systematic review registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The registration number is CRD42023429779.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T09:10:40Z","timestamp":1719479440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Histoplasmosis in patients living with HIV in Europe: review of literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Kontogiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drieda","family":"Za\u00e7e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Benvenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Moccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Muratore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Giacalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Montagnari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Mulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Campogiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Sarmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Iannetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01454.x","article-title":"Involvement of intraocular structures in disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"88","author":"Ala-Kauhaluoma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058744","article-title":"Disseminierte Histoplasmose bei AIDS","volume":"119","author":"Albrecht","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"61","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: the multiple sides of an uncommon disease","volume":"23","author":"Amadori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infez. Med."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-9959(98)00003-8","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with cutaneous lesions in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Angius","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7060481","article-title":"Histoplasmosis diagnosed in Europe and Israel: a case report and systematic review of the literature from 2005 to 2020","volume":"7","author":"Antinori","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000199934.38120.d4","article-title":"Histoplasmosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected people in Europe: report of 4 cases and review of the literature","volume":"85","author":"Antinori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"362","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. 2 case reports","volume":"91","author":"Antinori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Recenti Prog. Med."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701591481","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Europe: report on an epidemiological survey from the European Confederation of Medical Mycology Working Group","volume":"46","author":"Ashbee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00431-2","article-title":"Re-drawing the maps for endemic mycoses","volume":"185","author":"Ashraf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-015-0044-0","article-title":"Histoplasmosis infections worldwide: thinking outside of the Ohio River valley","volume":"2","author":"Bahr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Trop. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s002920100463","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Bilkenroth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pathologe"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2011.110140","article-title":"Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis as a presentation of AIDS in a patient from the Congo: the role of skin biopsy","volume":"41","author":"Borges-Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Dr."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4608-9","article-title":"A case report of long treatment with Itraconazole in a patient with chronic Chagas disease","volume":"19","author":"Bosch-Nicolau","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"97","article-title":"Digestive histoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS from Guadeloupe","volume":"30","author":"Boulard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2010.11.009","article-title":"Seven imported histoplasmosis cases due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum: from few weeks to more than three decades asymptomatic period","volume":"21","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000199014.66139.39","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients with disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"20","author":"Breton","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-926645","article-title":"Schwere Kolitis durch Histoplasma capsulatum bei einer Patientin mit Aids","volume":"44","author":"Buhk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Z. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0207-y","article-title":"Detection of imported histoplasmosis in serum of HIV-infected patients using a real-time PCR-based assay","volume":"25","author":"Buitrago","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00144.x","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis with atypical cutaneous lesions in an Italian HIV-infected patient: another autochtonous case","volume":"4","author":"Calza","year":"2003","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2011.11.014","article-title":"Infiltrados pulmonares micronodulillares bilaterales en paciente con VIH avanzado","volume":"30","author":"Carena Smuckler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"147","article-title":"Histoplasmosis as a presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"71","author":"Carey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ulster Med. J."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piw001","article-title":"Vertical transmission of histoplasmosis associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy","volume":"5","author":"Carlucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Infect. Diseases Soc."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2017.11.001","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: an oral malignancy-like clinical picture","volume":"19","author":"Chroboczek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1086\/382675","article-title":"Drug-drug interaction between Itraconazole and the antiretroviral drug Lopinavir\/ritonavir in an HIV-1\u2013infected patient with disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"38","author":"Crommentuyn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1157\/13078489","article-title":"Histoplasmosis diseminada","volume":"63","author":"de Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez","year":"2005","journal-title":"An. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.11.010","article-title":"Reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to histoplasmosis, with a hemophagocytic syndrome in HIV infection","volume":"58","author":"De Lavaissi\u00e8re","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2007.10.009","article-title":"Histoplasmose diss\u00e9min\u00e9e r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e par un frottis sanguin chez un immigr\u00e9 africain atteint du sida","volume":"38","author":"D\u00e9bat Zogu\u00e9reh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(07)74246-5","article-title":"Linfadenitis cervical, pancitopenia y fiebre en paciente con infecci\u00f3n por VIH","volume":"25","author":"Del Mar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0329","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis with Mucocutaneous immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"31","author":"Delfino","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)","volume":"117","author":"Dietrich","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1159\/000452203","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis: a challenging differential diagnostic consideration for suspected malignant lesions in the digestive tract","volume":"10","author":"Doleschal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591974","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.591974","article-title":"Cytological and histopathological Spectrum of histoplasmosis: 15 years of experience in French Guiana","volume":"10","author":"Drak Alsibai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref33","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"An atlas of sensitivity to tuberculin, PPD-B, and histoplasmin in the United States","volume":"99","author":"Edwards","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"765","article-title":"African histoplasmosis in a patient with HIV-2 infection","volume":"126","author":"Eichmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjz260","article-title":"Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis mimicking peritonitis carcinomatosis: a rare case of an emergent surgical presentation of HIV de novo","volume":"2019","author":"Engelmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298872","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: uncommon opportunistic infection in a patient with HIV infection","volume":"137","author":"Escher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2017.1376454","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis: case report and review of the literature","volume":"73","author":"Evrard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Belg. Int. J. Clin. Lab Med."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000084290.81423.21","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in two human immunodeficiency virus-positive immigrants to Italy: clinical features and management in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era","volume":"97","author":"Faggian","year":"2004","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540050165901","article-title":"Imported and autochthonous histoplasmosis in Bergamo province, northern Italy","volume":"32","author":"Farina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/s1130-1406(05)70034-6","article-title":"Imported and autochthonous histoplasmosis in Italy: new cases and old problems","volume":"22","author":"Farina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2004.12.017","article-title":"Disseminated cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis co-infection in a HIV-infected woman in France","volume":"51","author":"Ferry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1385\/1592592961","volume-title":"Opportunistic infections: treatment and prophylaxis","author":"Georgiev","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101244","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed by cross-reactivity with the aspergillus galactomannan antigen in an HIV-positive patient","volume":"32","author":"Ghorra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1406(07)70063-3","article-title":"Histoplasmosis diseminada con s\u00edndrome hemofagoc\u00edtico en un paciente con sida: descripci\u00f3n de un caso y revisi\u00f3n de la literatura espa\u00f1ola","volume":"24","author":"Gil-Brusola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0144-6","article-title":"Reconstitution inflammatory syndrome like reactive Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with disseminated histoplasmosis in a HIV patient","volume":"182","author":"G\u00f3mez-Espejo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2011.05.002","article-title":"Probable primary cutaneous histoplasmosis in a patient infected with HIV","volume":"21","author":"Gomez-Moyano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mycol. M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(97)80115-6","article-title":"Pathological and epidemiological aspects of skin lesions in histoplasmosis: observations in an AIDS patient and badgers outside endemic areas of histoplasmosis","volume":"285","author":"Grosse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol."},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"917","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis within the scope of immune deficiency with suspected HIV infection. HIV infection CDC stage C3. Disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"88","author":"Guex","year":"1999","journal-title":"Praxis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562899","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: up-to-date evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"36","author":"Hage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1086\/319756","article-title":"Multicenter case-control study of risk factors for histoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons","volume":"32","author":"Hajjeh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.1.42","article-title":"Determination of vitreous, aqueous, and plasma concentration of Orally Administered Voriconazole in humans","volume":"122","author":"Hariprasad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"140","article-title":"Colonic Histoplasma capsulatum pseudotumour in a patient with AIDS. Morphological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of an isolated lesion","volume":"43","author":"Hofman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Anat. Cytol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"49","article-title":"Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from West-Africa: report of four imported cases in Italy","volume":"19","author":"Inojosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infez. Med."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2006.01253.x","article-title":"Histoplasmosis: a review for clinicians from non-endemic areas","volume":"49","author":"Joseph","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40823.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis","volume":"100","author":"Kahi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2003.01995.x","article-title":"Phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum","volume":"12","author":"Kasuga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050368","article-title":"A case of HIV-associated cerebral histoplasmosis successfully treated with fluconazole","volume":"18","author":"Knapp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200907-069AL","article-title":"Histoplasmosis","volume":"7","author":"Knox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2019.05.007","article-title":"Fever of un-Swiss origin","volume":"48","author":"Lebowitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2419-4","article-title":"Case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a HIV-infected patient revealed by nasal involvement with maxillary osteolysis","volume":"17","author":"Lehur","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa432","article-title":"Infectious diseases and injection drug use: public health burden and response","volume":"222","author":"Levitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1010-7","article-title":"Diagnostic aspects of cutaneous lesions due to Histoplasma capsulatum in African AIDS patients in nonendemic areas","volume":"22","author":"Lo Cascio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1311.070665","article-title":"Literature review and case histories of Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii infections in HIV-infected patients","volume":"13","author":"Loulergue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01719280","article-title":"Histoplasmosis capsulati and duboisii in Europe: the impact of the HIV pandemic, travel and immigration","volume":"10","author":"Manfredi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1317-7","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in an HIV-infected patient discovered by routine blood smear staining","volume":"24","author":"Matulionyte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2018_114","article-title":"Histoplasma Capsulatum: mechanisms for pathogenesis","volume":"422","author":"Mittal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"204","article-title":"Three cases of imported histoplasmosis in our hospital","volume":"19","author":"Molina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0009050","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009050","article-title":"Gastrointestinal disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients: a descriptive and comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Nacher","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref70","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0572","article-title":"Disseminated infection by Mycobacterium sherrisii and Histoplasma capsulatum in an African HIV-infected patient","volume":"88","author":"Navarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Tropic. Med. Hygiene."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2011.03.009","article-title":"Descripci\u00f3n de cuatro casos de histoplasmosis importada en Navarra","volume":"28","author":"Navascu\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2009.00311.x","article-title":"Imported histoplasmosis: two distinct profiles in travelers and immigrants","volume":"16","author":"Norman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"Guidelines for diagnosing and managing disseminated histoplasmosis among people living with HIV","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7403878","article-title":"An Italian case of disseminated histoplasmosis associated with HIV","volume":"2019","author":"Papalini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Reports Infect. Diseases"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.01.001","article-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii infection in a patient with AIDS: rapid diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing","volume":"64","author":"Pellaton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008191","article-title":"Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in an HIV-infected patient living in a non-endemic area","volume":"19","author":"Peppa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"302","article-title":"Fever and high lactate dehydrogenase in HIV-positive patients from the Antilles and Surinam: histoplasmosis?","volume":"64","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neth. J. Med."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2009.10.005","article-title":"Contribution de la biologie mol\u00e9culaire et de l\u2019antig\u00e9n\u00e9mie galactomannane aspergillaire au diagnostic de l\u2019histoplasmose","volume":"40","author":"Pineau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.03.003","article-title":"Imported concomitant coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in an HIV-infected Colombian migrant in France","volume":"99","author":"Pistone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0833-y","article-title":"Rapid PCR-based diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient","volume":"21","author":"Rickerts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.1999.00262.x","article-title":"Case report. Successful therapy of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS with liposomal amphotericin B","volume":"42","author":"Rieg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2001.d01-138.x","article-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum occurring in an HIV-positive Ghanaian immigrant to Italy","volume":"109","author":"Rivasi","year":"2001","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644768","article-title":"Ein Fall von AIDS-assoziierter Histoplasmose in Deutschland","volume":"69","author":"Rockstroh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2015.04.005","article-title":"Lesiones faciales y hepatitis aguda en paciente infectada por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana procedente de Paraguay","volume":"35","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2010.010356","article-title":"Hoarseness of voice in an AIDS patient: a rare presenting feature of disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"22","author":"Sanmani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"211","article-title":"Leprosy-like cutaneous presentation of histoplasma capsulatum infection in an African HIV+ patient","volume":"20","author":"Scarlata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infez. Med."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050793","article-title":"Papular exanthema in an HIV-infected African woman with histoplasmosis","volume":"49","author":"Sch\u00f6fer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007977","article-title":"Emergomyces: the global rise of new dimorphic fungal pathogens","volume":"15","author":"Schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2013009544","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009544","article-title":"\u201cOccam\u2019s scissors\u201d: opportunistic infections in advanced HIV infection","volume":"2013","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Reports"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2011.011261","article-title":"A case of oral ulceration and disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV infection","volume":"23","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548909037887","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in a Danish patient with AIDS","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-102040","article-title":"Importierte Histoplasmose","volume":"140","author":"Stete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413517670","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in disseminated histoplasmosis and advanced HIV infection","volume":"25","author":"Stevenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004732","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004732","article-title":"Worldwide phylogenetic distributions and population dynamics of the genus Histoplasma","volume":"10","author":"Teixeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2565(04)71491-5","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in two brothers with AIDS","volume":"204","author":"Terrancle de Juan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Clin. Esp."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2014.01.002","article-title":"Int\u00e9r\u00eat du dosage de l\u2019antig\u00e8ne galactomannane dans le diagnostic et le suivi de l\u2019histoplasmose diss\u00e9min\u00e9e \u00e0 Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii au cours du VIH: enseignement \u00e0 partir d\u2019un cas clinique","volume":"24","author":"Therby","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mycol. M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"679","article-title":"Intestinal histoplasmosis in AIDS patients: report of three cases observed in France and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Trylesinski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.52964\/AMJA.0495","article-title":"A case of haemophagocytic syndrome in HIV-associated disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"10","author":"Vaid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acute Med."},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9080793","article-title":"The Current and future states of diagnostic tests for histoplasmosis with a focus on people with HIV and disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"9","author":"Villareal","year":"2023","journal-title":"JoF."},{"key":"ref103","volume-title":"WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058780","article-title":"HIV-associated histoplasmosis with pulmonary manifestations","volume":"119","author":"Wockel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2018.040","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis as AIDS presentation. Case report and comprehensive review of CURRENT literature","author":"Zanotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418530\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T09:11:01Z","timestamp":1719479461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418530\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418530","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"article-number":"1418530"}}