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Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of <jats:italic>Lactococcus lactis subsp<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic> HFY14 (LLSLHFY14) and investigate its effects on the intestinal barrier, cranial nerve, and motor function in mice treated with antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were administered an antibiotic mixture (neomycin 5 mg\/mL, vancomycin 25 mg\/mL, amphotericin B 0.1 mg\/mL, ampicillin 10 mg\/mL, metronidazole file 5 mg\/mL, and lipopolysaccharide 1.5 \u03bcg\/mL) intraperitoneally, and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the serum and brain tissues, and liver index were measured. H&amp;amp;E staining was performed to detect pathological alterations in brain tissues. The expression of intestinal-barrier-related genes and that of genes involved in inflammatory pathways in the brain were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LLSLHFY14 administration extended the weight-loaded swimming and running times of mice and decreased the liver index. Moreover, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) in the serum and brain tissue were reduced, whereas those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated. Elevated brain expression of the protein kinase B (<jats:italic>AKT<\/jats:italic>)\/cAMP-response element binding protein (<jats:italic>CREB<\/jats:italic>)\/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>)\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (<jats:italic>ERK1<\/jats:italic>) pathway, decreased brain expression of the <jats:italic>IL-6<\/jats:italic> gene, and elevated cecum expression of <jats:italic>zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin-1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>claudin-1<\/jats:italic> genes were noted. LLSLHFY14 supplementation significantly increased <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> expression but decreased <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> expression, thus increasing the <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes\/Firmicutes<\/jats:italic> ratio.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, LLSLHFY14 supplementation ameliorated antibiotic-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the mouse central nervous system, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and increased motor function, thus confirming its potential application as probiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T14:46:01Z","timestamp":1721400361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis HFY14 supplementation on the brain, intestines, and motor function of antibiotic-treated mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanji","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120170","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of daily consumption of probiotic compared with low-fat conventional yogurt on weight loss in healthy obese women following an energy-restricted diet: A randomized controlled trial.","volume":"103","author":"Ameneh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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