{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:14:34Z","timestamp":1781140474682,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 94 <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>) isolates were obtained from a hospital in Beijing to evaluate their susceptibility to erythromycin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, and minocycline. As well as the determination of the effectiveness of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> phages <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and in <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>-induced lesions mouse model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with acne vulgaris (AV) were enrolled from August 2021 to October 2022. Standard methods were employed for specimen collection, culture, and identification of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>. Susceptibility testing was conducted using E-strips for erythromycin, clarithromycin, minocycline, and doxycycline. Phage culture and identification followed standard procedures. A mouse model with <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>-induced skin lesions was established, and data was analyzed using <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that all isolates were susceptible to minocycline and doxycycline, while 53 (56.4%) and 52 (55.3%) isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and clarithromycin, respectively. Interestingly, younger patients and those with lower acne severity exhibited reduced resistance. Phage cleavage rates ranged from 88.30 to 93.60%. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was conducted on eight randomly selected <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> isolates, and the IA-2 subtype was used in experiments to address <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>-induced lesions in mice. Phage therapy proved effective in this model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights the high susceptibility of <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> to doxycycline and tetracycline, while erythromycin and clarithromycin exhibited elevated resistance. Additionally, <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic> phages demonstrated high cleavage rates and potential effectiveness in treating <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>-induced lesions. These findings suggest promising avenues for further exploration of phage therapy in acne treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1424849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T04:22:55Z","timestamp":1718943775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating Propionibacterium acnes antibiotic susceptibility and response to bacteriophage in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ruixing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2054431","article-title":"The interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily cytokines and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)","volume":"2022","author":"Behzadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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