{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T23:12:19Z","timestamp":1777158739581,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioinformatics sequence data mining can reveal hidden microbial symbionts that might normally be filtered and removed as contaminants. Data mining can be helpful to detect <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>, a widespread bacterial endosymbiont in insects and filarial nematodes whose distribution in plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) remains underexplored. To date, <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> has only been reported a few PPNs, yet nematode-infecting <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> may have been widespread in the evolutionary history of the phylum based on evidence of horizontal gene transfers, suggesting there may be undiscovered <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> infections in PPNs. The goal of this study was to more broadly sample PPN <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> strains in tylenchid nematodes to enable further comparative genomic analyses that may reveal <jats:italic>Wolbachia\u2019s<\/jats:italic> role and identify targets for biocontrol. Published whole-genome shotgun assemblies and their raw sequence data from 33 <jats:italic>Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic> spp. assemblies, seven <jats:italic>Globodera<\/jats:italic> spp. assemblies, and seven <jats:italic>Heterodera<\/jats:italic> spp. assemblies were analyzed to look for <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>. No <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> was found in <jats:italic>Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Globodera<\/jats:italic> spp., but among seven genome assemblies for <jats:italic>Heterodera<\/jats:italic> spp., an <jats:italic>H. schachtii<\/jats:italic> assembly from the Netherlands was found to have a large <jats:italic>Wolbachia-<\/jats:italic>like sequence that, when re-assembled from reads, formed a complete, circular genome. Detailed analyses comparing read coverage, GC content, pseudogenes, and phylogenomic patterns clearly demonstrated that the <jats:italic>H. schachtii Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> represented a novel strain (hereafter, denoted <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Het). Phylogenomic tree construction with PhyloBayes showed <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Het was most closely related to another PPN <jats:italic>Wolbachia, w<\/jats:italic>Tex, while 16S rRNA gene analysis showed it clustered with other <jats:italic>Heterodera Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> assembled from sequence databases. Pseudogenes in <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Het suggested relatedness to the PPN clade, as did the lack of significantly enriched GO terms compared to PPN <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> strains. It remains unclear whether the lack of <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> in other published <jats:italic>H. schachtii<\/jats:italic> isolates represents the true absence of the endosymbiont from some hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1446506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T12:34:46Z","timestamp":1727267686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Discovery of a novel Wolbachia in Heterodera expands nematode host distribution"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Taranjot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.V.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"topGO: enrichment analysis for gene ontology","author":"Alexa","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2013.07.002","article-title":"Detection of the Wolbachia protein WPIP0282 in mosquito spermathecae: implications for cytoplasmic incompatibility","volume":"43","author":"Beckmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Insect. 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