{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:05:05Z","timestamp":1768543505653,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC1200501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1200501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZD2022C006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2022C006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tabanids, commonly known as horseflies and belonging to the family Tabanidae, are blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) found worldwide. They are known for their ability to mechanically and biologically transmit various animal pathogens. Tabanids are potential vectors for diseases such as <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma marginale, Theileria<\/jats:italic> spp., and contributors to lumpy skin diseases. Despite their involvement in common BFA studies, tabanids have not been extensively explored in microbiome research. In this study, the microbiota structure and composition in various organs of four distinct genera of tabanids: <jats:italic>Atylotus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haematopota<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Tabanus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Hybomitra<\/jats:italic> were examined. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed to gain insights into the microbial communities associated with the different tabanid species. Result display that microbiota composition and diversity, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, varied significantly among the different organs, with the ovaries exhibiting significantly higher diversity. Apart from the <jats:italic>Haematopota<\/jats:italic> genus, <jats:italic>Tenericutes<\/jats:italic> were enriched in the midgut of other tabanid species, whereas the Malpighian tubules exhibited a higher abundance of Bacteroides. Notably, the ovarian microbiota structure was conserved among the four tabanid species, indicating its potential association with reproductive development. Evaluation of the potential pathogen risk revealed putative pathogens in over 100 genera associated with these tabanid commensal organisms. Twenty genera were annotated as zoonotic agents with a high abundance of <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>, highlighting the presence of this important group of zoonotic pathogens. Functional predictions of vector-microbiota interactions indicate that microbiota significantly affects vector biological traits and can influence pathogen transmission via direct interactions or by regulating host immunity and nutrition. For the first time, the distribution characteristics and functions of four genera of horsefly microbiota were analyzed, revealing the presence of multiple potential pathogenic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable insights for future research and the development of symbiotic-based strategies to control insect-borne diseases among tabanids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1467875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T04:44:28Z","timestamp":1727153068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microbiota profile in organs of the horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Northeastern China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hong-Yu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing-Bo","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Feng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shun-Shuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mu-Han","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiao-Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Fu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710352","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.710352","article-title":"Advances in the study of the tick cattle microbiota and the influence on vectorial capacity","volume":"8","author":"Aguilar-D\u00edaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01234","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01234-22","article-title":"Tripartite symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in the digestive system of a fungus-growing termite","volume":"10","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105765","article-title":"Description of the ovarian microbiota of Aedes aegypti (L) Rockefeller strain","volume":"214","author":"Alvarado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102197","article-title":"Association of Midgut bacteria and their metabolic pathways with Zika infection and insecticide resistance in Colombian Aedes aegypti populations","volume":"14","author":"Ar\u00e9valo-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.03.029","article-title":"Tabanids: neglected subjects of research, but important vectors of disease agents!","volume":"28","author":"Baldacchino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006431","article-title":"Generality of toxins in defensive symbiosis: ribosome-inactivating proteins and defense against parasitic wasps in Drosophila","volume":"13","author":"Ballinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.05.002","article-title":"Isolation and propagation of a Spiroplasma sp. from Slovakian Ixodes ricinus ticks in Ixodes spp. cell lines","volume":"6","author":"Bell-Sakyi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.02.001","article-title":"Phylogenetics of the Spiroplasma ixodetis endosymbiont reveals past transfers between ticks and other arthropods","volume":"10","author":"Binetruy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.06.007","article-title":"Wolbachia as translational science: controlling mosquito-borne pathogens","volume":"37","author":"Caragata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Fauna of China","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0009480","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009480","article-title":"An integrated overview of the bacterial flora composition of Hyalomma anatolicum, the main vector of CCHF","volume":"15","author":"Choubdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.09.009","article-title":"Microbiota of field-collected Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis from eastern and southern Ontario, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Clow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160238","article-title":"Effects of environment, dietary regime and ageing on the dengue vector microbiota: evidence of a core microbiota throughout Aedes aegypti lifespan","volume":"111","author":"David","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05093-7","article-title":"Characterization of the reproductive tract bacterial microbiota of virgin, mated, and blood-fed Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus females","volume":"14","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02228.x","article-title":"VEGAN, a package of R functions for community ecology","volume":"14","author":"Dixon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04316-7","article-title":"Incompletely observed: niche estimation for six frequent European horsefly species (Diptera, Tabanoidea, Tabanidae)","volume":"13","author":"D\u00f6rge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.07.007","article-title":"Convergence of nutritional symbioses in obligate blood feeders","volume":"36","author":"Duron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00236","article-title":"High throughput sequencing and network analysis disentangle the microbial communities of ticks and hosts within and between ecosystems","volume":"8","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01099-8","article-title":"Anopheline mosquitoes are protected against parasite infection by tryptophan catabolism in gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05401-9","article-title":"Aedes aegypti and ae. Albopictus microbiome\/virome: new strategies for controlling arboviral transmission?","volume":"15","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00211","article-title":"Poor unstable midgut microbiome of hard ticks contrasts with abundant and stable monospecific microbiome in ovaries","volume":"10","author":"Guizzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00026","article-title":"Interaction of the tick immune system with transmitted pathogens","volume":"3","author":"Hajdu\u0161ek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.03.019","article-title":"Molecular identification of Anaplasma marginale and rickettsial endosymbionts in blood-sucking flies (Diptera: Tabanidae, Muscidae) and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"154","author":"Hornok","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000574","article-title":"Host--symbiont--pathogen interactions in blood-feeding parasites: nutrition, immune cross-talk and gene exchange","volume":"145","author":"Husnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30607","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.35.30607","article-title":"Environmental surveillance during an outbreak of tularaemia in hares, the Netherlands, 2015","volume":"22","author":"Janse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Secur."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04375-w","article-title":"Tabanids as possible pathogen vectors in Senegal (West Africa)","volume":"13","author":"Keita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00763-3","article-title":"Microbial interactions in the mosquito gut determine Serratia colonization and blood-feeding propensity","volume":"15","author":"Kozlova","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/13.3.225","article-title":"Animal disease agents transmitted by horse flies and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae)","volume":"13","author":"Krinsky","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0400-5","article-title":"Interactions between Borrelia burgdorferi and ticks","volume":"18","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.05.008","article-title":"Unpacking the intricacies of Rickettsia-vector interactions","volume":"37","author":"Laukaitis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-022-01840-w","article-title":"The gut microbiota affects the social network of honeybees","volume":"6","author":"Liberti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645362","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.645362","article-title":"Larval diet abundance influences size and composition of the midgut microbiota of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"12","author":"Macleod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25408-7","article-title":"The ground beetle Pseudoophonus rufipes gut microbiome is influenced by the farm management system","volume":"12","author":"Magagnoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"419","article-title":"Taxonomic accounts of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from arid zone, part of Chotanagpur plateau, West Bengal","volume":"12","author":"Maity","year":"2017","journal-title":"Munis Entomol. Zool."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBnet J."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac057","article-title":"Hiding in plain sight: an abundant and widespread north American horse fly (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the Tabanus sulcifrons group, Tabanus variegatus Fabricius, redescribed","volume":"59","author":"Mullens","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4170","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14420","article-title":"Metagenomic analyses highlight the symbiotic association between the glacier stonefly Andiperla willinki and its bacterial gut community","volume":"20","author":"Murakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiy213","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiy213","article-title":"Host blood-meal source has a strong impact on gut microbiota of Aedes aegypti","volume":"95","author":"Muturi","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005377","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005377","article-title":"Comparative analysis of gut microbiota of mosquito communities in Central Illinois","volume":"11","author":"Muturi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0264750","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264750","article-title":"Habitat preference of blackflies in Omo gibe river basin (Southwest Ethiopia): implications for onchocerciasis elimination and control","volume":"17","author":"Olkeba","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"005056","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005056","article-title":"Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes","volume":"71","author":"Oren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233237","article-title":"Microbiota community structure and interaction networks within Dermacentor silvarum, Ixodes persulcatus, and Haemaphysalis concinna","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.05.002","article-title":"Grandeur alliances: symbiont metabolic integration and obligate arthropod hematophagy","volume":"32","author":"Rio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27067-0","article-title":"Molecular of Anaplasma marginale Theiler (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Uruguay","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04894-0","article-title":"A nationwide survey of the tabanid fauna of Cameroon","volume":"14","author":"Sevidzem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-235","article-title":"Salivary glands harbor more diverse microbial communities than gut in Anopheles culicifacies","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2022.01.009","article-title":"Strain wars and the evolution of opportunistic pathogens","volume":"67","author":"Sheppard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0102122","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01021-22","article-title":"Bidirectional interactions between arboviruses and the bacterial and viral microbiota in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwad021","article-title":"Impact of the microbiome on mosquito-borne diseases","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7610","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137610","article-title":"Risk of attacks by blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and occurrence of severe skin symptoms in bitten patients along the eastern border of the European Union","volume":"19","author":"Sitarz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20076","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56605-6","article-title":"Experimental evidence of mechanical lumpy skin disease virus transmission by Stomoxys calcitrans biting flies and Haematopota spp. horseflies","volume":"9","author":"Sohier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122433","article-title":"Microbiomes of blood-feeding arthropods: genes coding for essential nutrients and relation to vector fitness and pathogenic infections. A review","volume":"9","author":"Sonenshine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.05.002","article-title":"Metabolic interactions between disease-transmitting vectors and their microbiota","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.05.008","article-title":"Composition and functional roles of the gut microbiota in mosquitoes","volume":"28","author":"Strand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7749","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207749","article-title":"Brucella genomics: macro and Micro evolution","volume":"21","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Esquivel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11744","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47892-0","article-title":"High-throughput metagenome analysis of the Sarcoptes scabiei internal microbiota and in-situ identification of intestinal Streptomyces sp","volume":"9","author":"Swe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1514-7","article-title":"Bacterial microbiomes of Ixodes scapularis ticks collected from Massachusetts and Texas, USA","volume":"19","author":"Thapa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040573","article-title":"The controversial role of human gut lachnospiraceae","volume":"8","author":"Vacca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01562-15","article-title":"Variation in the microbiota of Ixodes ticks with regard to geography, species, and sex","volume":"81","author":"Van Treuren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tax049","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tax049","article-title":"Skin lesions caused by Tabanus bovinus bites","volume":"24","author":"Veraldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105069","article-title":"Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of three west African countries: a faunistic update, barcoding analysis and trypanosome occurrence","volume":"197","author":"Vot\u00fdpka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00901-6","article-title":"Microbiota in disease-transmitting vectors","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13677","article-title":"Tabanidae insect (horsefly and deerfly) allergy in humans: a review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Whyte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6816","article-title":"Chlorothalonil alters the gut microbiota and reduces the survival of immature honey bees reared in vitro","volume":"78","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.11.004","article-title":"A gut commensal bacterium promotes mosquito permissiveness to arboviruses","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120845","article-title":"Microplastics existence intensified bloom of antibiotic resistance in livestock feces transformed by black soldier fly","volume":"317","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.82","article-title":"MBPD: a multiple bacterial pathogen detection pipeline for one health practices","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2022.04.005","article-title":"First glimpse of gut microbiota of quarantine insects in China","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2024.101232","article-title":"Editorial overview: vectors, symbionts, and pathogen interactions: prospects for controlling vector-borne diseases","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1467875\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T04:44:31Z","timestamp":1727153071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1467875\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1467875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1467875","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"article-number":"1467875"}}