{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:48:01Z","timestamp":1785426481806,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, estimated to affect approximately 20% of the whole pregnancies and is increasing in prevalence globally. However, there is still a big gap in knowledge about the association between gut microbiota associated metabolism alterations and GDM development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All the participants accomplished the validated internet-based dietary questionnaire for Chinese and serum, fecal samples were collected. HFD, control diet or colesevelam intervention was fed to GDM mice models or Fxr-\/- mice models, with or without antibiotics cocktail treatment. Fecal microbiota transplantation were used for further validation. Gut microbiota and metabolites were detected by metagenomic sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Bile acids of serum, fecal samples from human and mice were analysised. Body weight, average feed intake, blood glucose, insulin levels and oral glucose tolerance test was performed among each groups. Expression levels of Fxr, Shp and Fgf15 mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicated that high fat diet (HFD) was linked with higher prevalence of GDM, and HFD was positively associated with poor prognosis in GDM patients. Moreover, compared with normal diet (ND) group, GDM patients from HFD group performed a loss of gut microbiota diversity and enrichment of <jats:italic>Alistipes onderdonkii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae bacterium 1_7_58FAA<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Clostridium aspaaragiforme<\/jats:italic> while ruduction of <jats:italic>Akkermansiaceae, Paraprevotell xylaniphila, and Prevotella copri<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, HFD aggravated GDM in mice and gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics crippled the effect of excess fat intake. BAs profile altered in HFD GDM patients and mice models. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) further confirmed that gut microbiota contributed to bile acids (BAs) metabolic dysfunction during HFD-associated GDM development. Mechanically, HFD-FMT administration activated <jats:italic>Fxr, Shp,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fgf15<\/jats:italic> activity, disturbed the glucose metabolism and aggravated insulin resistance but not in HFD-FMT <jats:italic>Fxr\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic> mice and ND-FMT <jats:italic>Fxr\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic> mice. Furthermore, colesevelam intervention alleviated HFD-associated GDM development, improved BAs metabolism, suppressed <jats:italic>Fxr, Shp,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fgf15<\/jats:italic> activity only in <jats:italic>WT<\/jats:italic> mice but not in the <jats:italic>Fxr\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic> HFD\u202f+\u202fColesevelam group and <jats:italic>Fxr\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic> HFD group. HFD induced GDM and contributed to poor prognosis in GDM parturients through inducing gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolic alteration, especially appeared in BAs profile. Moreover, Fxr pathway participated in regulating HFD-associated gut microbiota disordered BAs metabolites and aggravating GDM in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Modulating gut microbiota and BAs metabolites could be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of HFD-associated GDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1480446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:43:25Z","timestamp":1738046605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High-fat diet promotes gestational diabetes mellitus through modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haogang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000178994.21828.a7","article-title":"The Farnesoid X receptor: a molecular link between bile acid and lipid and glucose metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Claudel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95353-4","article-title":"Berberine elevates cardiolipin in heart of offspring from mouse dams with high fat diet-induced gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Cole","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa408","article-title":"Supplemental Berberine in a high-fat diet reduces adiposity and cardiac dysfunction in offspring of mouse dams with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"151","author":"Cole","year":"","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00805-x","article-title":"Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease","volume":"21","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0607-6","article-title":"Profile of the gut microbiota of adults with obesity: a systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Crovesy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.155","article-title":"High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice","volume":"8","author":"Daniel","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.045","article-title":"PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4 activation induces enteroendocrine L cell GLP-1 production","volume":"140","author":"Daoudi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219451110","article-title":"Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity","volume":"110","author":"Everard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.092015.26","article-title":"An internet-based food frequency questionnaire for a large Chinese population","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.060662","article-title":"Alistipes finegoldii in blood cultures from colon cancer patients","volume":"13","author":"Fenner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084702","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1084702","article-title":"Relationship between changes in microbiota induced by resveratrol and its anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Fernandez-Quintela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30735-9","article-title":"Changes in the gut microbiota composition during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)","volume":"8","author":"Ferrocino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01181.x","article-title":"Colesevelam lowers glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes: the clinical evidence","volume":"12","author":"Fonseca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.08.011","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin and singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"230","author":"Greco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01101-1","article-title":"Review: microbial transformations of human bile acids","volume":"9","author":"Guzior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.59556\/japi.71.0351","article-title":"Early gestational diabetes mellitus: an update","volume":"71","author":"Hannah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Physicians India"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121947","article-title":"Importance of gut microbiota metabolites in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)","volume":"329","author":"Hemmati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601049","article-title":"Endocrine functions of bile acids","volume":"25","author":"Houten","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.119","article-title":"Bile acid-microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.008","article-title":"Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy","volume":"150","author":"Koren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.09.048","article-title":"Enterobacteria-mediated deconjugation of taurocholic acid enhances ileal farnesoid X receptor signaling","volume":"697","author":"Kuribayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e148309","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.148309","article-title":"Secondary bile acids mediate high-fat diet-induced upregulation of R-spondin 3 and intestinal epithelial proliferation","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa342","article-title":"Alterations in bile acid metabolism associated with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0222-x","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.06.002","article-title":"Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease","volume":"56","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan5931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan5931","article-title":"Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells","volume":"360","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8075","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201909_19024","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila: key player in metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"23","author":"Macchione","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.11.016","article-title":"Bile acid metabolism is altered in those with insulin resistance after gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"64","author":"Maghsoodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024564","article-title":"Bile acid sequestration reduces plasma glucose levels in db\/db mice by increasing its metabolic clearance rate","volume":"6","author":"Meissner","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.3.669","article-title":"Canine gut receptors mediating pancreatic responses to luminal L-amino acids","volume":"231","author":"Meyer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060698","article-title":"Associations of diet and physical activity with risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Mijatovic-Vukas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1598364","article-title":"Maternal diet and gestational diabetes mellitus development","volume":"34","author":"Mizgier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11092495","article-title":"Bile acid sequestration via Colesevelam reduces bile acid hydrophobicity and improves liver pathology in Cyp2c70\u2212\/\u2212 mice with a human-like bile acid composition","volume":"11","author":"Palmiotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152307","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2152307","article-title":"Prebiotic oligofructose protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity by changing the gut microbiota, intestinal mucus production, glycosylation and secretion","volume":"14","author":"Paone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020330","article-title":"Diet-gut microbiota interactions and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)","volume":"11","author":"Ponzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0030","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor deficiency improves glucose homeostasis in mouse models of obesity","volume":"60","author":"Prawitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1127483","article-title":"Consequences of bile salt biotransformations by intestinal bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Ridlon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R500013-JLR200","article-title":"Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria","volume":"47","author":"Ridlon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510000176","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women","volume":"104","author":"Santacruz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.072","article-title":"Gastrointestinal microbiome signatures of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Saulnier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist","volume":"17","author":"Sayin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.107","article-title":"Intestinal FXR-mediated FGF15 production contributes to diurnal control of hepatic bile acid synthesis in mice","volume":"90","author":"Stroeve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829525","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.829525","article-title":"The emerging role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.5.8850","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing human fibroblast growth factor-19 display increased metabolic rate and decreased adiposity","volume":"143","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7629","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8629","article-title":"Farnesoid X receptor inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 production by enteroendocrine L cells","volume":"6","author":"Trabelsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2022.100261","article-title":"Ileal bile acid transporter inhibition in Cyp2c70 KO mice ameliorates cholestatic liver injury","volume":"63","author":"Truong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.18-116","article-title":"Green tea polyphenol (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) improves gut dysbiosis and serum bile acids dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice","volume":"65","author":"Ushiroda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12050383","article-title":"Maternal and fetal metabolites in gestational diabetes mellitus: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Vladu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meta"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01906-5","article-title":"A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection","volume":"42","author":"Wahl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03255-y","article-title":"Interactions between host and gut microbiota in gestational diabetes mellitus and their impacts on offspring","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-315988","article-title":"Dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102766","article-title":"A dysregulated bile acid-gut microbiota axis contributes to obesity susceptibility","volume":"55","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01434-2","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis reveals gestational diabetes mellitus-related microbial regulators of glucose tolerance","volume":"57","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111036","article-title":"The gut microbiome-bile acid axis in hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"133","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.041","article-title":"High-fat diet promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through modulating gut microbiota and metabolites","volume":"162","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901674R","article-title":"High levels of fucosylation and sialylation of milk N-glycans from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus alter the offspring gut microbiome and immune balance in mice","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1480446\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T06:43:29Z","timestamp":1738046609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1480446\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1480446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1480446","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"article-number":"1480446"}}