{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:20:54Z","timestamp":1787775654123,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The emergence of\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n , which can confer resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones in\n Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n spp., poses a growing public health threat.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n 102\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -positive enterococci (OPEs) including various species were isolated from feces of 719 healthy volunteers in a Shenzhen community, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was tested. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to characterize molecular epidemiology of OPEs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared to\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -negative enterococci (ONEs), antimicrobial resistance (linezolid, florfenicol, doxycycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin) and presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) (\n fexA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n cat<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n (M),\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (A),\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (B) and etc) were higher in OPEs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that high similarly (19\u2013338 SNPs) was observed between the\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -positive\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n from community and the strains from patients, animals, and environment. In 102 OPEs, the\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n gene was detected on the chromosome (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f36), on plasmids (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f62), or both (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f4). A diverse range of\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -carrying plasmid types was identified. The\n rep<\/jats:italic>\n 9-plasmid replicons were widely detected in\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n (44\/66), whereas\n rep<\/jats:italic>\n US1-plasmid replicons were widely identified in other enterococcal species (7\/66). Most of all ARGs harbored by isolates were co-existed on\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -carrying plasmids, suggesting that the acquisition of\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -carrying plasmids will pose a greater threat to public health. Notably, the pAD1 (\n rep<\/jats:italic>\n 9 family)\u202f+\u202fDOp1-type plasmids should receive more attention for the transfer of\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n given their high prevalence (36.36%), high number of co-located ARGs with\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n (83.87% of total ARGs) and presence in multiple sources. Tn\n 6674<\/jats:italic>\n , IS\n 1216E<\/jats:italic>\n , IS\n Enfa1<\/jats:italic>\n and IS\n Enfa5<\/jats:italic>\n are related to the transfer of chromosomal and plasmids-derived\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n , respectively. The\n bcrABDR<\/jats:italic>\n gene cluster,\n fexA<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (A) were frequently identified surrounding\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n and may be transferred with\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n via IS\n 1216E<\/jats:italic>\n or IS\n Enfa1<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The transfer of\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n gene is related to a variety of mobile elements (including plasmids, insertion sequences, transposons), which will promote the horizontal transfer of\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n . Moreover, many ARGs co-exist with\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n and could co-transfer with\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n . The acquisition of OPEs and\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -carrying plasmids will pose a greater threat to public health and should be obtained more attention, especially\n optrA<\/jats:italic>\n -positive\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n and pAD1\u202f+\u202fDOp1-type plasmids.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1505107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T01:29:31Z","timestamp":1734658171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High prevalence and plasmidome diversity of optrA-positive enterococci in a Shenzhen community, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yulin","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoju","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingbo","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhou","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiumei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunning","family":"Hanf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suli","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zexun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changfeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziquan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuebin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-402","article-title":"BLAST ring image generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons","volume":"12","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky088","article-title":"Characterization of poxtA, a novel phenicol-oxazolidinone-tetracycline resistance gene from an MRSA of clinical origin","volume":"73","author":"Antonelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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