{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:12:13Z","timestamp":1791616333455,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to systematically evaluate and analyze the clinical efficacy of oral probiotics in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on the theory of \u201cgut-joint axis.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Wipro Database (CQVIP) databases for clinical randomized controlled trials of oral probiotics for the treatment of KOA. The literature was organized by Note express software, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane systematic evaluation method, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five randomized controlled trials with 694 participants were included in this study, and the results of the meta-analysis showed that the observation group experienced significant reductions in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index total score, visual analog score, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level compared to the control group, but did not show significant differences in improvement of stiffness and regulation of body weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral probiotics had an ameliorative effect on function, pain, and inflammatory response in patients with KOA, but our results need to be validated in future large-scale studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The website is\n                      <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/<\/jats:uri>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1526690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T01:21:15Z","timestamp":1744161675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical efficacy of probiotic supplementation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112738","article-title":"Saccharomyces boulardii (CNCM I-745) alleviates collagen-induced arthritis by partially maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity through TLR2\/MYD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway inhibition","volume":"139","author":"Ahmad Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2023.06.002","article-title":"Gut-joint axis: Oral probiotic ameliorates osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Amin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01662","article-title":"Criteria to qualify microorganisms as \"probiotic\" in foods and dietary supplements","volume":"11","author":"Binda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100946","article-title":"Gut microbiota and osteoarthritis management: An expert consensus of the European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO)","volume":"55","author":"Biver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1997.tb00806.x","article-title":"Review article: homing of mucosal immune cells--a possible connection between intestinal and articular inflammation","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24636","article-title":"Probiotic L. reuteri treatment prevents bone loss in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse model","volume":"229","author":"Britton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6022","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116022","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: An overview","volume":"25","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0261353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261353","article-title":"The relation between the gut microbiome and osteoarthritis: a systematic review of literature","volume":"16","author":"Chisari","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000070","article-title":"Relevance of the gut\/joint axis for the management of spondyloarthritis in daily clinical practice","volume":"26","author":"Cypers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.42","article-title":"Dietary factors in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: a recipe for therapy?","volume":"13","author":"Dahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020574","article-title":"Gut-joint Axis: the role of physical exercise on gut microbiota modulation in older people with osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"de Sire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03428-5","article-title":"Saccharomyces boulardii improves clinical and paraclinical indices in overweight\/obese knee osteoarthritis patients: a randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Dolatkhah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680073","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.680073","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei CCFM1074 alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in rats via balancing Treg\/Th17 and modulating the metabolites and gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/bor.0000000000000681","article-title":"The gut microbiome-joint connection: implications in osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Favazzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"182","article-title":"Non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions to manage patients with knee osteoarthritis: An umbrella review","volume":"43","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol. Port."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-09953-1","article-title":"Unique probiotic properties and bioactive metabolites of Saccharomyces boulardii","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/s2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12180","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis: current status and research progress in treatment (review)","volume":"26","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.05.010","article-title":"The gut microbiome and joint microbiome show alterations in patients with knee osteoarthritis versus controls: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Gilat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"The clinical study of probiotics in adjunctive therapy on knee osteoarthritis","author":"Han","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30417-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2022.01.004","article-title":"Effects of different courses of moxibustion treatment on intestinal flora and inflammation of a rat model of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634780","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.634780","article-title":"Impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-related metabolites on hyperlipidemia","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.060","article-title":"Regulation of the immune system by the resident intestinal bacteria","volume":"146","author":"Kamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22171","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review","volume":"325","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10213","article-title":"Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system","volume":"474","author":"Kau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.23736\/s0031-0808.20.03841-0","article-title":"Combined effects of probiotic and chondroprotector during osteoarthritis in rats","volume":"62","author":"Korotkyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Panminerva Med."},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"191","article-title":"Co-administration of live probiotics with CHONDROPROTECTOR in management of experimental knee osteoarthritis","volume":"279","author":"Korotkyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Georgian Med. News"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2017.4034","article-title":"The combination of probiotic complex, Rosavin, and zinc improves pain and cartilage destruction in an osteoarthritis rat model","volume":"21","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2016.0207","article-title":"The effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota on knee osteoarthritis: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.05.007","article-title":"The burden of OA-health services and economics","volume":"30","author":"Leifer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14665","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04602","article-title":"Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in rats via modulating the gut microbiota and repairing the intestinal barrier damage","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9653","article-title":"Effects of Streptococcus thermophilus on anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced early osteoarthritis in rats","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42089","article-title":"Prevalence trends of site-specific osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"74","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063242","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Spondylarthritis: An update on the gut-joint Axis","volume":"25","author":"Longo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","article-title":"Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota","volume":"489","author":"Lozupone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1006-7108.2020.11.022","article-title":"Analysis on the difference of intestinal flora between patients with knee osteoarthritis and healthy people in Guangdong province","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese J. Osteoporosis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03757","article-title":"Oral intake of Streptococcus thermophil us improves knee osteoarthritis degeneration: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study","volume":"6","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175069","article-title":"Anti-obesity properties of probiotics; a considerable medical nutrition intervention: findings from an umbrella meta-analysis","volume":"928","author":"Musazadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230018","DOI":"10.1530\/mah-23-0018","article-title":"Contributions of the microbiota to the systemic inflammatory response","volume":"1","author":"Muske","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiota Host"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12805","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri reduces bone loss in older women with low bone mineral density: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial","volume":"284","author":"Nilsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0286456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286456","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum BORI inhibits pain behavior and chondrocyte death, and attenuates osteoarthritis progression","volume":"18","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595962","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/595962","article-title":"Effect of probiotics supplementation on bone mineral content and bone mass density","volume":"2014","author":"Parvaneh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e337","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1786351","article-title":"Updates in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Pires","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08821","article-title":"A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing","volume":"464","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-023-01108-7","article-title":"The potential role of probiotics in the Management of Osteoarthritis Pain: current status and future prospects","volume":"25","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1039\/c7fo01820g","article-title":"Diet and microbiota linked in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Requena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0199-6","article-title":"Author correction: probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic","volume":"16","author":"Sanders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1903768","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"384","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081650","article-title":"Obesity-related knee osteoarthritis-current concepts","volume":"13","author":"Shumnalieva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2010.12.013","article-title":"Lactobacillus casei enhances type II collagen\/glucosamine-mediated suppression of inflammatory responses in experimental osteoarthritis","volume":"88","author":"So","year":"2011","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"018","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-8591.000005","article-title":"Probiotics and bone health: it takes GUTS to improve bone density","author":"Srivastava Rupesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Immuno. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010062","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and inflammatory markers","volume":"10","author":"Sureda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15831-7","article-title":"Targeting zonulin and intestinal epithelial barrier function to prevent onset of arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Tajik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.3mr0321-755r","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-bone axis and bone health","volume":"110","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.05.016","article-title":"Osteoarthritis induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus is reduced in germ-free mice","volume":"26","author":"Ulici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Clinical study on probiotics adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and knee osteoarthritis","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.13702\/j.1000-0607.180118","article-title":"Current situation and thinking on the intestinal microflora regulation with acupuncture and moxibustion","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acupuncture Res."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104976","article-title":"The gut microbiome as non-invasive biomarkers for identifying overweight people at risk for osteoarthritis","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812596","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.812596","article-title":"Association between gut microbiota and osteoarthritis: a review of evidence for potential mechanisms and therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.03.024","article-title":"The gut microbiome-joint axis in osteoarthritis","volume":"68","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Bull (Beijing)"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518181","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1518181","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis BD400 protects from collagen-induced arthritis through histidine metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1980","article-title":"What is osteoarthritis?","volume":"327","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.2004578","article-title":"Probiotics act as a potent intervention in improving lipid profile: An umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Zarezadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7510","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2047005","article-title":"The regulative effect and repercussion of probiotics and prebiotics on osteoporosis: involvement of brain-gut-bone axis","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061539","article-title":"Physical exercise and diet: regulation of gut microbiota to prevent and treat metabolic disorders to maintain health","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110857","article-title":"Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to improve metabolic diseases via the gut microbiota","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1526690\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:52:44Z","timestamp":1744282364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1526690\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1526690"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1526690","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"article-number":"1526690"}}