{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:09:42Z","timestamp":1791468582672,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Candidiasis, a prevalent class of human infections caused by fungi belonging to the\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus, is garnering increasing attention due to its pathogenicity and the emergence of drug resistance. The advancement of genomics technologies has offered powerful tools for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms and drug resistance characteristics of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This comprehensive review provides an overview of the applications of genomics in candidiasis research, encompassing genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and functional genomics, along with the pathogenic features and core virulence factors of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, this review highlights the role of genomic variations in the emergence of drug resistance, further elucidating the evolutionary and adaptive mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In conclusion, the review underscores the current state of research and prospective avenues for exploration of candidiasis, providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatments and public health strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1531543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T02:19:17Z","timestamp":1740622757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Genomics insights of candidiasis: mechanisms of pathogenicity and drug resistance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shitao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjie","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaguang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunchao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-111212-133232","article-title":"Causes of genome instability","volume":"47","author":"Aguilera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2268","article-title":"Genome instability: a mechanistic view of its causes and consequences","volume":"9","author":"Aguilera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-008-9134-z","article-title":"Micro-CT analysis of experimental Candida osteoarthritis in rats","volume":"166","author":"Amanai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s43994-023-00049-2","article-title":"Candida diagnostic techniques: a review","volume":"9","author":"Arafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Umm Al-Qura Univ. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00485","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00485-17","article-title":"Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI reference microdilution MICs of eight antifungal compounds for Candida auris and associated tentative epidemiological cutoff values","volume":"61","author":"Arendrup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Ch."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2009.04.007","article-title":"Gene ontology and the annotation of pathogen genomes: the case of Candida albicans","volume":"17","author":"Arnaud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13419","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of Candida auris isolates from immunocompromised patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Kuwait reveals a novel mutation in FKS1 conferring reduced susceptibility to echinocandins","volume":"65","author":"Asadzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-48-7-671","article-title":"Role of dimorphism in the development of Candida albicans biofilms","volume":"48","author":"Baillie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11060718","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of invasive candidiasis","volume":"11","author":"Barantsevich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3866-2","article-title":"A multicenter multinational study of abdominal candidiasis: epidemiology, outcomes and predictors of mortality","volume":"41","author":"Bassetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01819-2","article-title":"Most azole resistance mutations in the Candida albicans drug target confer cross-resistance without intrinsic fitness cost","volume":"9","author":"B\u00e9dard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0267866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267866","article-title":"Possible misdiagnosis, inappropriate empiric treatment, and opportunities for increased diagnostic testing for patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis\u2014United States, 2018","volume":"17","author":"Benedict","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-006-0068-z","article-title":"The regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO gene expression and Ca2+ \u2212dependent flocculation by Flo8p and Mss11p","volume":"49","author":"Bester","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11079","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302094110","article-title":"Reversion of a fungal genetic code alteration links proteome instability with genomic and phenotypic diversification","volume":"110","author":"Bezerra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9060312","article-title":"Candidiasis and mechanisms of antifungal resistance","volume":"9","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13890-z","article-title":"5-fluorocytosine resistance is associated with hypermutation and alterations in capsule biosynthesis in Cryptococcus","volume":"11","author":"Billmyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"foac019","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/foac019","article-title":"The effect of antifungal resistance development on the virulence of Candida species","volume":"22","author":"Bohner","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01876-18","article-title":"MSH2 gene point mutations are not antifungal resistance markers in Candida glabrata","volume":"63","author":"Bordallo-Cardona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008563","article-title":"Candida auris in the UK: introduction, dissemination, and control","volume":"16","author":"Borman","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112757","article-title":"The microevolution of antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic Fungi","volume":"11","author":"Boyce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00573-x","article-title":"Fungal genomics in respiratory medicine: what, how and when?","volume":"186","author":"Brackin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010080","article-title":"Candida parapsilosis virulence and antifungal resistance mechanisms: a comprehensive review of key determinants","volume":"9","author":"Branco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fungi."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.002","article-title":"Impact of ERG3 mutations and expression of ergosterol genes controlled by UPC2 and NDT80 in Candida parapsilosis azole resistance","volume":"23","author":"Branco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.08.014","article-title":"Clinical azole cross-resistance in Candida parapsilosis is related to a novel MRR1 gain-of-function mutation","volume":"28","author":"Branco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4775","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094775","article-title":"Secreted aspartic proteinases: key factors in Candida infections and host-pathogen interactions","volume":"25","author":"Bras","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0010001","article-title":"A human-curated annotation of the Candida albicans genome","volume":"1","author":"Braun","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-019-00976-w","article-title":"Rapid and extensive karyotype diversification in haploid clinical Candida auris isolates","volume":"65","author":"Bravo Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000521","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00005-21","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in understanding genetics of fungal diseases: towards a functional genomics approach","volume":"89","author":"Bruno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00842","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00842-22","article-title":"Genomic diversity across Candida auris clinical isolates shapes rapid development of antifungal resistance in vitro and in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Burrack","year":"2022","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08064","article-title":"Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes","volume":"459","author":"Butler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S403863","article-title":"Fungal spectrum and susceptibility against nine antifungal agents in 525 deep fungal infected cases","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-06-0502","article-title":"The Flo8 transcription factor is essential for hyphal development and virulence in Candida albicans","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00073-10","article-title":"Genomewide expression profile analysis of the Candida glabrata Pdr1 regulon","volume":"10","author":"Caudle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9070332","article-title":"Host-pathogen interactions mediated by MDR transporters in fungi: as pleiotropic as it gets!","volume":"9","author":"Cavalheiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02788","article-title":"Review on antifungal resistance mechanisms in the emerging pathogen Candida auris","volume":"10","author":"Chaabane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001318","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001318","article-title":"On the emergence, spread and resistance of Candida auris: host, pathogen and environmental tipping points","volume":"70","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2017.06.029","article-title":"The potential management of oral candidiasis using anti-biofilm therapies","volume":"106","author":"Chanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23745-1","article-title":"Moderate levels of 5-fluorocytosine cause the emergence of high frequency resistance in cryptococci","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1863-z","article-title":"Draft genome of a commonly misdiagnosed multidrug resistant pathogen Candida auris","volume":"16","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-024-00832-7","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of in vivo-evolved Candida auris reveals multidrug-resistance mechanisms","volume":"189","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9110540","article-title":"Transcriptomic and genomic approaches for unravelling Candida albicans biofilm formation and drug resistance-an update","volume":"9","author":"Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Basel"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03364","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.06.896548","article-title":"Tracing the evolutionary history and global expansion of Candida auris using population genomic analyses","volume":"11","author":"Chow","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00351","article-title":"Nine things genomics can tell us about Candida auris","volume":"11","author":"Chybowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02095-13","article-title":"Functional linkage between genes that regulate osmotic stress responses and multidrug resistance transporters: challenges and opportunities for antibiotic discovery","volume":"58","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbe1501006","article-title":"Use of probiotics for oral candidiasis: state of the art and perspective. A further step toward personalized medicine?","volume":"15","author":"Contaldo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201819666220418104042","article-title":"Oral candidiasis and novel therapeutic strategies: antifungals, phytotherapy, probiotics, and photodynamic therapy","volume":"20","author":"Contaldo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020154","article-title":"Candida albicans antifungal resistance and tolerance in bloodstream infections: the triad yeast-host-antifungal","volume":"8","author":"Costa-de-Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12222655","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms associated with antifungal resistance in pathogenic Candida species","volume":"12","author":"Czajka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5897\/JYFR2013.0113","article-title":"An approach to etiology, diagnosis and management of different types of candidiasis","volume":"4","author":"Dabas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Yeast Fungal Res."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad112","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing confirms a persistent candidaemia clonal outbreak due to multidrug-resistant Candida parapsilosis","volume":"78","author":"Daneshnia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemoth."},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"181","article-title":"A new approach to virulence factors of Candida albicans: from gene to function","volume":"29","author":"Davari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mazandaran Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7110909","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of 5-fluorocytosine resistance in yeasts and filamentous fungi","volume":"7","author":"Delma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002345","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of human fungal pathogens causing paracoccidioidomycosis","volume":"7","author":"Desjardins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos Geneti."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37573-y","article-title":"A host defense peptide mimetic, brilacidin, potentiates caspofungin antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi","volume":"14","author":"Dos Reis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00103-08","article-title":"A gain-of-function mutation in the transcription factor Upc2p causes upregulation of ergosterol biosynthesis genes and increased fluconazole resistance in a clinical Candida albicans isolate","volume":"7","author":"Dunkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816834.ch44","article-title":"Molecular detection of antifungal resistance","volume":"11","author":"Edlind","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00605-10","article-title":"Mutational analysis of flucytosine resistance in Candida glabrata","volume":"54","author":"Edlind Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10435-8","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antifungal susceptibility testing methods of invasive Candida species and detection of FKS genes mutations in caspofungin intermediate and resistant isolates","volume":"25","author":"ElFeky","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03605-w","article-title":"Variable sensitivity of clinical Candida auris strains to biocides: implications for infection control in healthcare settings","volume":"24","author":"Erganis","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43380-2","article-title":"Tandem gene duplications contributed to high-level azole resistance in a rapidly expanding Candida tropicalis population","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2019.1623935","article-title":"The potential role of human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) in the transport of Huperzine a in vitro","volume":"50","author":"Fei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-024-00233-w","article-title":"Candida auris resistance mechanisms to amphotericin B alternative treatments development","volume":"11","author":"Fenton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511399284","article-title":"Candida-host interactions in HIV disease: implications for oropharyngeal candidiasis","volume":"23","author":"Fidel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00720-1","article-title":"Tackling the emerging threat of antifungal resistance to human health","volume":"20","author":"Fisher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101529","article-title":"Candida glabrata antifungal resistance and virulence factors, a perfect pathogenic combination","volume":"13","author":"Fr\u00edas-De-Le\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090568","article-title":"Antifungal resistance in Candida auris: molecular determinants","volume":"9","author":"Fr\u00edas-De-Le\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030295","article-title":"An unconventional oral Candidiasis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"9","author":"Fusco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fungi."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00254","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00254-23","article-title":"Redefining pleiotropic drug resistance in a pathogenic yeast: Pdr1 functions as a sensor of cellular stresses in Candida glabrata","volume":"8","author":"Gale","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/1567-1364.12048","article-title":"Synergistic effect of doxycycline and fluconazole against Candida albicans biofilms and the impact of calcium channel blockers","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03473-7","article-title":"X-mapper: fast and accurate sequence alignment via gapped x-mers","volume":"26","author":"Gaston","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100903","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(24)00135-6","article-title":"The diverse genomes of Candida auris","volume":"5","author":"Gifford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S247944","article-title":"Current aspects in the biology, pathogeny, and treatment of Candida krusei, a neglected fungal pathogen","volume":"13","author":"G\u00f3mez-Gaviria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infec. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyac031","article-title":"Population genetics and microevolution of clinical Candida glabrata reveals recombinant sequence types and hyper-variation within mitochondrial genomes, virulence genes, and drug targets","volume":"221","author":"Helmstetter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090752","article-title":"Pathogenesis and virulence of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata","volume":"9","author":"Henriques","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S80677","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of mortality and Candida isolates of 75 patients with candidemia: a single hospital experience","volume":"8","author":"Hirano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140610","article-title":"Targeted knockout and plasmid-based transfer of NRPS\/PKS for improving lipopeptide iturin a synthesis","volume":"302","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.107010","article-title":"Hotspot mutations and genomic expansion of ERG11 are major mechanisms of azole resistance in environmental and human commensal isolates of Candida tropicalis","volume":"62","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00161","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00161-23","article-title":"Prevalence, associated factors, and appropriateness of empirical treatment of Trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis among women with vaginitis, microbiology","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrum"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115055","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1115055","article-title":"Characterization and susceptibility of non-albicans Candida isolated from various clinical specimens in Lebanese hospitals","volume":"11","author":"Husni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2024.2448844","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to cell wall and plasma membrane targeting antifungal drugs in Candida species isolated in Africa","volume":"23","author":"Ibe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2019.05.034","article-title":"Candida auris: a pathogen difficult to identify, treat, and eradicate and its characteristics in Japanese strains","volume":"25","author":"Iguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46060362","article-title":"Candida auris updates: outbreak evaluation through molecular assays and antifungal stewardship-a narrative review","volume":"46","author":"Ionescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-024-00064-1","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of experimental evolution to study drug resistance in pathogenic fungi","volume":"2","author":"Jacobs","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa031","article-title":"Update on Candida krusei, a potential multidrug-resistant pathogen","volume":"59","author":"Jamiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13336","article-title":"Azole resistance in Candida auris: mechanisms and combinatorial therapy","volume":"131","author":"Jangir","year":"2023","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/wmh3.472","article-title":"Public health issues with Candida auris in COVID-19 patients","volume":"13","author":"Janniger","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Med. Health Policy"},{"key":"ref86","volume-title":"Vaginal Candidiasis","author":"Jeanmonod","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3082-0","article-title":"MDR1 overexpression combined with ERG11 mutations induce high-level fluconazole resistance in Candida tropicalis clinical isolates","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infec. Dis."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0039323","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00393-23","article-title":"Erg6 acts as a downstream effector of the transcription factor Flo8 to regulate biofilm formation in Candida albicans","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/538694","article-title":"Candida albicans: a model organism for studying fungal pathogens","volume":"2012","author":"Kabir","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Microbiol."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004371","article-title":"Key takeaways from the US CDC's 2019 antibiotic resistance threats report for frontline providers","volume":"48","author":"Kadri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02512","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02512-19","article-title":"Comparative genomics for the elucidation of multidrug resistance in Candida lusitaniae","volume":"10","author":"Kannan","year":"2019","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00458","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00458-19","article-title":"Combined antifungal resistance and biofilm tolerance: the global threat of Candida auris","volume":"4","author":"Kean","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00579-24","article-title":"Strain variation in Candida albicans glycolytic gene regulation","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040928","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of persistent Candidemia caused by Candida albicans versus non-albicans Candida species: a focus on antifungal resistance and follow-up blood cultures","volume":"11","author":"Kitaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00423","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00423-23","article-title":"Novel non-hot spot modification in Fks1 of Candida auris confers echinocandin resistance","volume":"67","author":"Kordalewska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00238","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00238-18","article-title":"Understanding echinocandin resistance in the emerging pathogen Candida auris","volume":"62","author":"Kordalewska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020771","article-title":"The Neosartorya fischeri antifungal protein 2 (NFAP2): a new potential weapon against multidrug-resistant Candida auris biofilms","volume":"22","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9090461","article-title":"Evolutionary emergence of drug resistance in Candida opportunistic pathogens","volume":"9","author":"Ksiezopolska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-023-00796-x","article-title":"Molecular determinants involved in Candida albicans biofilm formation and regulation","volume":"66","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2018\/36218.11961","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance in Candida species","volume":"12","author":"Lakshmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1927609","article-title":"Adaptation of the emerging pathogenic yeast Candida auris to high caspofungin concentrations correlates with cell wall changes","volume":"12","author":"Lara-Aguilar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00503-3","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis","volume":"10","author":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01794-8","article-title":"Sulfated glycosaminoglycans are host epithelial cell targets of the Candida albicans toxin candidalysin","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2206713","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202206713","article-title":"Sequence variation of Candida albicans Sap2 enhances fungal pathogenicity via complement evasion and macrophage M2-like hhenotype induction","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2015.05.007","article-title":"Mutations in the Flo8 transcription factor contribute to virulence and phenotypic traits in Candida albicans strains","volume":"178","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00245-13","article-title":"Distinct roles of Candida albicans drug resistance transcription factors TAC1, MRR1, and UPC2 in virulence","volume":"13","author":"Lohberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-3469","article-title":"Worsening spread of Candida auris in the United States, 2019 to 2021","volume":"176","author":"Lyman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-022-02564-4","article-title":"Investigation of fluconazole susceptibility to Candida albicans by MALDI-TOF MS and real-time PCR for CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11","volume":"22","author":"Maenchantrarath","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4937","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164937","article-title":"The inhibition of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeast pathogens by selected essential oils and their major compounds","volume":"26","author":"Mandras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0051721","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00517-21","article-title":"In vitro antifungal resistance of Candida auris isolates from bloodstream infections, South Africa","volume":"65","author":"Maphanga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00113","article-title":"Potent antifungal activity of penta-O-galloyl-\u03b2-d-glucose against drug-resistant Candida albicans, Candida auris, and other non-albicans Candida species","volume":"9","author":"Marquez","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref112","volume-title":"Loss of heterozygosity: Its impact on generating and shaping genetic variations in human fungal pathogen","author":"Marton","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8010018","article-title":"Precision therapy for invasive fungal diseases","volume":"8","author":"M\u00e4rtson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fungi."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.06.002","article-title":"Nociceptors boost the resolution of fungal osteoinflammation via the TRP Channel-CGRP-Jdp2 axis","volume":"19","author":"Maruyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-024-03969-7","article-title":"In silico genome wide identification of long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed during Candida auris host pathogenesis","volume":"206","author":"Mathur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105256","article-title":"Genome plasticity in Candida albicans: a cutting-edge strategy for evolution, adaptation, and survival","volume":"99","author":"Mba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11831","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X2022e11831","article-title":"Antifungal activity of linalool against fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of vulvovaginal Candida albicans and its predictive mechanism of action","volume":"55","author":"Medeiros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3727","article-title":"The LUFS domain, its transcriptional regulator proteins, and drug resistance in the fungal pathogen Candida auris","volume":"28","author":"Misas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000827","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000827","article-title":"Serological profiling of a Candida albicans protein microarray reveals permanent host-pathogen interplay and stage-specific responses during candidemia","volume":"6","author":"Mochon","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"3","article-title":"Adherence of Candida sp. to host tissues and cells as one of its pathogenicity features","volume":"61","author":"Modrzewska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012643","article-title":"Adaptation of Candida albicans to specific host environments by gain-of-function mutations in transcription factors","volume":"20","author":"Morschh\u00e4user","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00371-x","article-title":"The Pga59 cell wall protein is an amyloid forming protein involved in adhesion and biofilm establishment in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans","volume":"9","author":"Mourer","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07779-6","article-title":"Genomic insights into multidrug-resistance, mating and virulence in Candida auris and related emerging species","volume":"9","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1172\/jci27114","article-title":"Immune sensing of Candida albicans requires cooperative recognition of mannans and glucans by lectin and toll-like receptors","volume":"116","author":"Netea","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkae173","article-title":"Transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq) of the Candida glabrata reference strain CBS138 reveals epigenetic plasticity, structural variation, and intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to micafungin, G3-genes Genom","volume":"14","author":"Nickels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genet"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz400","article-title":"Molecular and genetic basis of azole antifungal resistance in the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans","volume":"75","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2240956","article-title":"Invasive Candida infection: epidemiology, clinical and therapeutic aspects of an evolving disease and the role of rezafungin","volume":"21","author":"Oliva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00131","article-title":"Transcriptional control of drug resistance, virulence and immune system evasion in pathogenic fungi: a cross-species comparison","volume":"6","author":"Pais","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Mi."},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2019.03.670","article-title":"Microevolution of the pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans and Candida glabrata during antifungal therapy and host infection","volume":"6","author":"Pais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Cell"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10061208","article-title":"Continuing shifts in epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility highlight the need for improved disease management of invasive candidiasis","volume":"10","author":"Parslow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269721","article-title":"Mechanisms of azole antifungal resistance in clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis","volume":"17","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14949","article-title":"Biofilm of Candida albicans: formation, regulation and resistance","volume":"131","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10791-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial transcriptome of Candida albicans in flagranti \u2014 direct RNA sequencing reveals a new layer of information","volume":"25","author":"Pi\u0105tkowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref134","first-page":"6","article-title":"Impact of empirical treatment with antifungal agents on survival of patients with candidemia","volume":"32","author":"Poves-Alvarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Quimioter."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00137-15","article-title":"The ABCs of Candida albicans multidrug transporter Cdr1","volume":"14","author":"Prasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00202","article-title":"Efflux pump proteins in antifungal resistance","volume":"5","author":"Prasad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.25424.1","article-title":"Advances in understanding the evolution of fungal genome architecture","volume":"9","author":"Priest","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000 Faculty Rev"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01383-w","article-title":"Integrated genomic, epidemiologic investigation of Candida auris skin colonization in a skilled nursing facility","volume":"27","author":"Proctor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-018-0014-1","article-title":"The continuous changes in the aetiology and epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: from familiar Candida albicans to multiresistant Candida auris","volume":"21","author":"Quind\u00f3s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.09.018","article-title":"Biofilm formation is a risk factor for mortality in patients with Candida albicans bloodstream infection-Scotland, 2012-2013","volume":"22","author":"Rajendran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.05.008","article-title":"Global epidemiology of emerging Candida auris","volume":"52","author":"Rhodes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.18.599548","article-title":"What makes Candida auris pan-drug resistant? Integrative insights from genomic, transcriptomic, and phenomic analysis of clinical strains resistant to all four major classes of antifungal drugs","volume":"68","author":"Rhodes","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiac095","article-title":"Human gut bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"98","author":"Ricci","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa502","article-title":"Invasive candidiasis species distribution and trends, United States, 2009-2017","volume":"223","author":"Ricotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12611","article-title":"Azole resistance in Candida albicans from animals: highlights on efflux pump activity and gene overexpression","volume":"60","author":"Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9040205","article-title":"Portrait of matrix gene expression in Candida glabrata biofilms with stress induced by different drugs","volume":"9","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04787-4","article-title":"Gene flow contributes to diversification of the major fungal pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"9","author":"Ropars","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2005.00017.x","article-title":"Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its relation to pathogenicity","volume":"6","author":"Ruiz-Herrera","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2022.102208","article-title":"The molecular and genetic basis of antifungal resistance in the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris","volume":"70","author":"Rybak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05196.x","article-title":"PDR16-mediated azole resistance in Candida albicans","volume":"60","author":"Saidane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00181-0","article-title":"Resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences","volume":"2","author":"Sanglard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27545-5","article-title":"Forward and reverse genetic dissection of morphogenesis identifies filament-competent Candida auris strains","volume":"12","author":"Santana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012011","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012011","article-title":"The many faces of Candida auris: phenotypic and strain variation in an emerging pathogen","volume":"20","author":"Santana","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.S116229","article-title":"Current perspective on emergence, diagnosis and drug resistance in Candida auris","volume":"10","author":"Sarma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20211123","article-title":"Using genomics to understand the mechanisms of virulence and drug resistance in fungal pathogens","volume":"50","author":"Schikora-Tamarit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01547-z","article-title":"Recent gene selection and drug resistance underscore clinical adaptation across Candida species","volume":"9","author":"Schikora-Tamarit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0223433","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223433","article-title":"Clade II Candida auris possess genomic structural variations related to an ancestral strain","volume":"14","author":"Sekizuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00060-10","article-title":"Genomic plasticity of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"9","author":"Selmecki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4883-5","article-title":"Distribution of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species isolated in different clinical samples and their in vitro antifungal suscetibity profile in Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Seyoum","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-11-27","article-title":"Sensitization of Candida albicans biofilms to various antifungal drugs by cyclosporine a","volume":"11","author":"Shinde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070633","article-title":"Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with urinary tract infection in Iran: Candida species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns","volume":"13","author":"Shiyadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010103","article-title":"Protective efficacy of anti-Hyr1p monoclonal antibody against systemic candidiasis due to multi-drug-resistant Candida auris","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fungi."},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11010024","article-title":"Azole resistance and ERG11 mutation in clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis","volume":"11","author":"Siqueira","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2022.58.4.3381586","article-title":"Ibrexafungerp for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"58","author":"Sobel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16435","article-title":"The population genetics of adaptation through copy number variation in a fungal plant pathogen","volume":"32","author":"Stalder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2022.2050224","article-title":"Echinocandins \u2013 structure, mechanism of action and use in antifungal therapy","volume":"37","author":"Szyma\u0144ski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhibi. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58349","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58349","article-title":"Expandable and reversible copy number amplification drives rapid adaptation to antifungal drugs","volume":"9","author":"Todd","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-010-9342-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in laboratory mutants of Candida glabrata","volume":"171","author":"Vandeputte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12338","article-title":"Candida albicans aspects of novel silane system-coated titanium and zirconia implant surfaces","volume":"26","author":"Villard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012307","article-title":"Application of the mutant libraries for Candida albicans functional genomics","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.08.001","article-title":"Mutations in transcription factor Mrr2p contribute to fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Candida albicans","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.04.010","article-title":"Delivery strategies of amphotericin B for invasive fungal infections","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.06.030","article-title":"Population genomic analyses reveal evidence for limited recombination in the superbug Candida auris in nature","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v5i0.22434","article-title":"Interactions of Candida albicans with host epithelial surfaces","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114601","article-title":"Functional genomic analysis of genes important for Candida albicans fitness in diverse environmental conditions","volume":"43","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00071-17","article-title":"Tolerance to caspofungin in Candida albicans is associated with at least three distinctive mechanisms that govern expression of FKS genes and cell wall remodeling","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091300","article-title":"Candida albicans virulence factors and pathogenicity for endodontic infections","volume":"8","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0187-x","article-title":"Filamentation in Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen of humans: passage through the mammalian body induces a heritable phenotypic switch","volume":"7","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9070726","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of the fungal pigment Rubiginosin C on hyphal and biofilm formation in Candida albicans and Candida auris","volume":"9","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00691","article-title":"The fungal CYP51s: their functions, structures, related drug resistance, and inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-025-06054-y","article-title":"Flexible analysis of spatial transcriptomics data (FAST): a deconvolution approach","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456907","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1456907","article-title":"Parallel evolution of fluconazole resistance and tolerance in Candida glabrata","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01795-7","article-title":"Single-cell detection of copy number changes reveals dynamic mechanisms of adaptation to antifungals in Candida albicans","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708009","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.708009","article-title":"A comparative transcriptome between anti-drug sensitive and resistant Candida auris in China","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53366","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18411","article-title":"Dectin-1 signaling inhibits osteoclastogenesis via IL-33-induced inhibition of NFATc1","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00070-08","article-title":"Genomewide location analysis of Candida albicans Upc2p, a regulator of sterol metabolism and azole drug resistance","volume":"7","author":"Znaidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11081870","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA changes acquired by Candida albicans caspofungin-adapted mutants","volume":"11","author":"Zuber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1531543\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T02:19:26Z","timestamp":1740622766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1531543\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":188,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1531543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1531543","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"article-number":"1531543"}}