{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:58:39Z","timestamp":1793062719969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJ40474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ40474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJ30460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a gram-negative microaerophilic microorganism intricately associated with chronic gastrointestinal disorders and gastric cancer.\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    can cause various upper digestive tract diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and gastric cancer. The bacterium exhibits a variety of pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization, the expression of virulence factors, and the development of drug resistance. This article presents a comprehensive review of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis, emphasizing recent research advancements concerning the cytotoxin-associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin, outer membrane proteins, and other virulence factors. Additionally, it examines the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance and evaluates the efficacy of conventional therapeutic approaches. Recently, researchers have attempted novel therapeutic regimens, including probiotics and Chinese medicine-assisted therapies, to enhance therapeutic effects. This article aimed to offer an overview of the academic community\u2019s comprehension of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and to highlight the current treatment options.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1541140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T02:13:19Z","timestamp":1740622399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection process: from the molecular world to clinical treatment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Meijing","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houpan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-06","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori persistence: an overview of interactions between H. pylori and host immune defenses","volume":"19","author":"Algood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. 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