{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:14:27Z","timestamp":1783696467912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82404165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to the emergence of drug resistance in recent years, there is a need for new non-pharmacological treatment methods for sporotrichosis. Our previous study demonstrated that the Nd:YAG1064nm laser exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against <jats:italic>Sporothrix globosa<\/jats:italic>, but its exact mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to detect PANoptosis regulatory protein ZBP1 expression in the skin lesions of patients with sporotrichosis, reveal the exact mechanism of Nd:YAG1064nm laser against sporotrichosis, and provide novel targets and methods for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of sporotrichosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology\/principal findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ZBP1 level of 60 patients with sporotrichosis (\u22643\u202fmonths; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f30 and &amp;gt;3\u202fmonths; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f30) and 30 HC were retrospectively reviewed using immunohistochemistry. The morphological changes, Hoechst\/PI apoptosis and necroptosis preliminary exploration analysis, DNA fragmentation, calcium determination, and metacaspase activation were investigated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. For the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies, mice were infected with <jats:italic>S. globosa<\/jats:italic> and then treated with a laser, and their footpad skin lesions and changes in the histology of tissue samples were compared. Changes in the levels of ZBP1, PANoptosome [RIPK1, RIPK3, Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), CASP8], pyroptosis (CASP1, GSDMD), apoptosis (CASP3), and necroptosis (MLKL) related proteins were assessed using immunohistochemistry, whereas the levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3) in peripheral blood were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ZBP1 expression was significantly increased in <jats:italic>S. globosa<\/jats:italic>-infected patients. Laser treatment effectively inhibited the growth of <jats:italic>S. globosa in vitro<\/jats:italic>, destroying its morphological structure, and maybe inducing apoptosis and necroptosis. Moreover, DNA fragmentation, calcium release into the cytoplasm, and metacaspase activation were observed. In addition, laser treatment demonstrated a clear therapeutic effect in animal models of sporotrichosis, which can lead to PANoptosis-related apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Immune response-related macrophages perceive nucleic acid level changes through ZBP1 to recognize <jats:italic>S. globosa<\/jats:italic> and induce PANoptosis by activating the PANoptosome (RIPK1\/RIPK3\/FADD\/CASP8) complex with a Th1\/Th17 cell response to combat sporotrichosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nd:YAG1064nm laser mediated PANoptosis resistance to sporotrichosis via ZBP1-PANoptosome-PANoptosis pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1555338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T08:37:50Z","timestamp":1742978270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nd:YAG1064nm laser functions against Sporothrix globosa by inducing PANoptosis via the regulation of ZBP1-induced PANoptosome activation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rihua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18276","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.015924","article-title":"ZBP1 promotes fungi-induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (PANoptosis)","volume":"295","author":"Banoth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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