{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:41:51Z","timestamp":1789083711629,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human adenovirus infections are typically associated with acute respiratory infection, keratoconjunctivitis, acute cystitis, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis, while central nervous system (CNS) related infections are rarely reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, a novel human adenovirus was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid from an encephalitis patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia via metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Probe capture enrichment sequencing and PCR validation further confirmed the presence of this adenovirus in the patient\u2019s cerebrospinal fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole-genome analysis classified the virus within the Human mastadenovirus D species, revealing an approximately 2000\u202fbp deletion in the E3 gene that resulted in the loss of CR1-gamma and RID-alpha regions and the formation of a novel open reading frame (ORF). The penton base, hexon, and fiber genes were identified as P33H28F71, designating this virus as a novel type, subsequently named HAdV-D116 by the Human Adenovirus Working Group. Recombination analysis suggested that HAdV-D116 is a recombinant strain derived from HAdV-D33, HAdV-D28, and HAdV-D71. Structural analysis of the fiber-knob domain indicated that HAdV-D116 likely uses sialic acid as a receptor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unique genomic features of HAdV-D116, combined with the patient\u2019s immunodeficiency, are proposed to contribute to its possible CNS infectivity. The discovery of HAdV-D116 expands our understanding of human adenovirus tropism and underscores the need for vigilance regarding the emergence of novel adenovirus-related CNS infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1566316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T13:02:38Z","timestamp":1746622958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification and characterization of a novel human adenovirus type HAdV-D116"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Menglan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mange","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minya","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiting","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01267-13","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01267-13","article-title":"Genome sequences of three species D adenoviruses isolated from aids patients","volume":"2","author":"Alissa Alkhalaf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1029","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1029","article-title":"Compact graphical representation of phylogenetic data and metadata with Graphlan","volume":"3","author":"Asnicar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax3567","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax3567","article-title":"Human adenovirus type 26 uses sialic acid-bearing glycans as a primary cell entry receptor","volume":"5","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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