{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:28:38Z","timestamp":1788794918460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To understand the infection status and disease spectrum distribution of patients with hospital-acquired Multidrug-resistant Organism (MDRO) Infections in an intensive care unit (ICU) before, during, and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019<\/jats:italic> (COVID-19<\/jats:italic>) Pandemic, and provide a basis for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired MDRO infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Data from the Second People\u2019s Hospital of Fuyang City\u2019s ICU was analyzed from three periods: pre-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> (January 1, 2018-December 8, 2019), during COVID-19<\/jats:italic> (December 9, 2019-December 7, 2022), and post-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> (December 8, 2022-December 31, 2023). The study compares the disease spectrum of MDRO infections patients across these periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The incidence density of hospital-acquired MDRO infections showed significant variation over the six-year period, with the highest density in the post-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> period (43.98 per 1,000 ICU days) and the lowest during the COVID-19<\/jats:italic> period (21.96 per 1,000 ICU days). The mortality rate associated with MDRO infections was minimized during the COVID-19<\/jats:italic> pandemic (2.70 per 1,000 ICU days) and rebounded in the post-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> period (10.66 per 1,000 ICU days). The infection rate of Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> (A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>) increased in the post-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> group compared to the pre-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> and during-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> groups (\u03c7<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup>\u202f=\u202f8.82, p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.012). Respiratory diseases consistently ranked first pre-, during, and post-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> pandemic. The proportion of nervous system diseases in the post-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> group was lower than in the pre-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> and during COVID-19<\/jats:italic> groups (p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), while the proportions of respiratory diseases and acute abdomen were higher than in the pre-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> and during-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> groups (p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Among ICU MDRO patient death cases, the proportion of respiratory diseases in the post-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> group was higher than in the pre-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> and during-COVID-19<\/jats:italic> groups (p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Our data show the mortality rate of hospital-acquired MDRO infections decreased during COVID-19<\/jats:italic> and increased after restrictions eased. The disease spectrum of MDRO-infected patients is complex and diverse. Standardized, accurate treatment and focused management of respiratory diseases are essential, along with strengthened infection prevention measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1568615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T05:16:08Z","timestamp":1747631768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Disease spectrum of patients with hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant organism infections in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaowu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuantuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9818","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19169818","article-title":"Prevalence, causes, and adverse clinical impact of delayed presentation of non-COVID-19-related emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a multicenter observational study","volume":"19","author":"Alshahrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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