{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:43:59Z","timestamp":1792809839603,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typhoidal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> (NTS) poses a significant global health burden due to its association with gastroenteritis and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study conducted a genomic analysis of 62 <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates from outpatient cases in Jiangsu, China, to monitor the epidemiological characteristics of NTS, including genetic diversity, AMR profiles, and resistance transmission mechanisms 18 serovars and 21 sequence types (STs) were identified by whole genome sequencing, with <jats:italic>S. enteritidis<\/jats:italic> (27.42%) and <jats:italic>S. typhimurium<\/jats:italic> (19.35%) predominating. 61 resistance genes from ten different antimicrobial categories were found by genotypic AMR screening. 90.32% of isolates had <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactam resistance genes, indicating a high frequency of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL). Serovar-dependent resistance patterns were highlighted by the most varied AMR profile (40\/61 genes) found in <jats:italic>S. typhimurium<\/jats:italic>. The co-occurrence of genes for aminoglycoside resistance, <jats:italic>sul2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>blaTEM<\/jats:italic> indicated clustering driven by mobile genetic elements. A plasmid in a <jats:italic>S. Stanley<\/jats:italic> isolate harbored 12 AMR genes, which showed structural changes suggestive of horizontal gene transfer and active recombination. These findings underscore the role of plasmids in disseminating MDR and the urgent need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship, food safety protocols, and One Health interventions to mitigate the spread of resistant <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> clones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1587421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T13:22:13Z","timestamp":1748611333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular characterization of clinical non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates shows high antimicrobial resistance burden in Jiangsu, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.004","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance","volume":"128","author":"Alekshun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007261","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007261","article-title":"A genomic overview of the population structure of Salmonella","volume":"14","author":"Alikhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02823-7","article-title":"Automated assembly scaffolding using RagTag elevates a new tomato system for high-throughput genome editing","volume":"23","author":"Alonge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-023-00079-0","article-title":"Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli at the interface between humans, poultry and their shared environment- a potential public health risk","volume":"5","author":"Aworh","year":"2023","journal-title":"One Health Outlook"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1504717","article-title":"The global burden and epidemiology of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections","volume":"15","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. 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