{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:40:16Z","timestamp":1788021616279,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chive seed flavonoid (CSF) exhibits antioxidant, digestive, and immunomodulatory properties, yet their effects on ruminant intestinal development and microbial ecosystems remain underexplored. This study systematically evaluated CSF supplementation (0.25% of concentrate) on intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) dynamics, and microbiota composition in 16 weaned Hu lambs (3 months; 19.57 \u00b1 1.56 kg initial weight) using histomorphometry, VFA quantification, and full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals were randomly allocated to a control (basal diet) or CSF-supplemented group (T), following a 7-day adaptation and 90-day experimental protocol. Key findings revealed: (1) The T group demonstrated increased jejunal and ileal villus length (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), elevated villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (V\/C; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), thickened muscular layers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and reduced crypt depth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). (2) CSF supplementation significantly elevated acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) in ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum, with notable jejunal propionate and total VFAs increases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). (3) Upregulated expression of ileal and cecal genes (<jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CD81<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CTNNBL1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SLC39A8<\/jats:italic>) linked to tissue morphogenesis and VFAs absorption was observed in the T group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). (4) Full-length 16S analysis demonstrated CSF-enhanced microbial diversity and selective enrichment of <jats:italic>Cyanobacteriota<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acetobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic> [Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis]. Regional microbial shifts included <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic> proliferation in the small intestine and rectum, <jats:italic>Actinomycetota<\/jats:italic> dominance in duodenum\/cecum\/colon, and ileal enrichment of <jats:italic>Bacillota<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>. KEGG pathway analysis confirmed CSF-driven enhancements in carbohydrate\/energy metabolism, immune regulation, and intestinal barrier pathways (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.25% CSF improved intestinal morphology, increased the production of VFAs, and optimized microbial composition, thereby promoting intestinal health in sheep. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of CSF in promoting healthy production in sheep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1590400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T05:49:20Z","timestamp":1749793760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metagenomic insights into the effects of Chive seed flavonoid on intestinal fermentation, morphology, and microbiota composition in sheep"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xujie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengpan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youji","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2018-0080","article-title":"Application of quercetin in neurological disorders: From nutrition to nanomedicine.","volume":"30","author":"Amanzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. 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