{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:12:43Z","timestamp":1791504763006,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salt stress is a major global issue that negatively affects plant growth and physiological processes. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to alleviate salt stress and promote plant growth. This study aimed to isolate and characterize salt-tolerant PGPR from salinity-affected soils in Tamil Nadu, India, and assess their potential to enhance growth and salt tolerance in sesame (<jats:italic>Sesamum indicum<\/jats:italic> L.).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Salt-tolerant PGPR were isolated and screened for plant growth-promoting traits. One isolate, designated PAS1, demonstrated significant capabilities, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; 48.56 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), siderophore production (89.20 \u00b1 0.65%), phosphate solubilization (7.8 mm zone of clearance), ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. PAS1 was identified as <jats:italic>Bacillus flexus<\/jats:italic>. Sesame plants were inoculated with <jats:italic>B. flexus<\/jats:italic> and grown under different salt concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) for 45 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inoculation with <jats:italic>B. flexus<\/jats:italic> significantly improved the biochemical parameters of sesame plants under salt stress, including increased chlorophyll content (4.4 mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), proline (0.0017 mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), soluble sugars (61.34 mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), amino acids (1.10 mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and proteins (3.31 mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities were enhanced, as indicated by DPPH scavenging activity (60.25%), superoxide dismutase (231.29 U mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> protein), peroxidase (6.21 U mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> protein), catalase (3.38 U mg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> protein), and a reduction in malondialdehyde (23.32 \u03bcmol g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study demonstrates that inoculation with salt-tolerant <jats:italic>B. flexus<\/jats:italic> can effectively improve sesame plant growth and enhance tolerance to salt stress. These findings suggest that halo-tolerant PGPR strains like <jats:italic>B. flexus<\/jats:italic> could serve as promising biofertilizers to improve crop productivity in salt-affected agricultural soils.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1590854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T05:38:45Z","timestamp":1747201125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Halophilic rhizobacteria promote growth, physiology and salinity tolerance in Sesamum indicum L. grown under salt stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dharman","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh S.","family":"Alheswairini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanthi","family":"Barasarathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham Ali El","family":"Enshasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundaram","family":"Lalitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajad Hussain","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nithyapriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyaz","family":"Sayyed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00369386","article-title":"Use of chrome azurol S reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria.","volume":"12","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214845","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1214845","article-title":"Recent advances in PGPR-mediated resilience toward interactive effects of drought and salt stress in plants.","volume":"14","author":"Al-Turki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2400595","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202400595","article-title":"Deciphering the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma asperellum (Tv1) against fusarium -nematode wilt complex in tomato.","volume":"65","author":"Anbalagan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.24.1.1","article-title":"Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris.","volume":"24","author":"Arnon","year":"1949","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/07352689.2022.2065136","article-title":"Evolution of approaches to increase the salt tolerance of crops.","volume":"41","author":"Ashraf","year":"2022","journal-title":"CRC. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48542-8","author":"Awaad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production Under Climate Change."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818204-8.00003-5","article-title":"Salinity and its tolerance strategies in plants","author":"Ayub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Life Under Changing Environment"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11091759","article-title":"Overview of the role of rhizobacteria in plant salt stress tolerance.","volume":"11","author":"Ayuso-Calles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29954-6","article-title":"Salinity stress improves antioxidant potential by modulating physio-biochemical responses in Moringa oleifera Lam.","volume":"13","author":"Azeem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3390\/su13031140","article-title":"Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as green bioinoculants: Recent developments, constraints, and prospects.","volume":"13","author":"Basu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5853.615-c","article-title":"Polypropylene sutures.","volume":"1","author":"Bates","year":"1973","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0119","DOI":"10.1199\/tab.0119","article-title":"Seed dormancy and germination.","volume":"6","author":"Bentsink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arab. B."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5","article-title":"Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity.","volume":"28","author":"Brand-Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsci.2024.08.008","article-title":"Biofilmed-PGPR: Next-generation bioinoculant for plant growth promotion in rice under changing climate.","volume":"32","author":"Bright","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rice Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2022_215","article-title":"Cyanobacterial bioenergetics in relation to cellular growth and productivity.","volume":"183","author":"Burnap","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5611","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07535-6","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide priming alleviates salinity induced toxic effect in maize by improving antioxidant defense system, ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency and hormonal crosstalk.","volume":"49","author":"Chattha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/01904167.2021.1952221","article-title":"Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their biological properties for soil enrichment and growth promotion.","volume":"45","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2022.2063316","article-title":"Plant growth-promoting microbes: Role and prospective in amelioration of salt stress.","volume":"53","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A.3C.1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mca03cs00","article-title":"Gram staining.","author":"Coico","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13399","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.13399","article-title":"Harnessing plant growth\u2013promoting and wilt-controlling biopotential of a consortium of actinomycetes and mycorrhizae in pigeon pea.","volume":"172","author":"Dave","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-2074-4_8","article-title":"Mechanism and molecular response of induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in plants","author":"Debnath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Induced Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Plants"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2021.105346","article-title":"Global potential assessment of available land for bioenergy projects in 2050 within food security limits.","volume":"105","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Policy"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16489","article-title":"B. subtilis CNBG-PGPR \u20131 induces methionine to regulate ethylene pathway and ROS scavenging for improving salt tolerance of tomato.","volume":"117","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05013-8","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase assays.","volume":"105","author":"Floh\u00e9","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.01.017","article-title":"Nitric oxide alleviates salt-induced stress damage by regulating the ascorbate\u2013glutathione cycle and Na+\/K+ homeostasis in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.","volume":"173","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.26.1.192","article-title":"Colorimetric estimation of indoleacetic acid.","volume":"26","author":"Gordon","year":"1951","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.sja\/2025\/41.1.51.65","article-title":"Exploring the economic implications of IoT adoption in agriculture: A cost-benefit study in Jazan, Saudi Arabia","volume":"41","author":"Gulzar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sarhad J. Agric"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.3390\/su13052856","article-title":"Bacterial plant biostimulants: A sustainable way towards improving growth, productivity, and health of crops.","volume":"13","author":"Hamid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34359-6","article-title":"Co-application of Mycorrhiza and methyl jasmonate regulates morpho-physiological and antioxidant responses of Crocus sativus (Saffron) under salinity stress conditions.","volume":"13","author":"Hamidian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9326","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179326","article-title":"Regulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under salinity.","volume":"22","author":"Hasanuzzaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"17","author":"Hedge","year":"1962","journal-title":"Estimation of Carbohydrate: Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12040804","article-title":"Plant growth-promoting halobacteria and their ability to protect crops from abiotic stress: An eco-friendly alternative for saline soils.","volume":"12","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Canseco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0341057","article-title":"Ammonia production by pathogenic bacteria.","volume":"34","author":"Hills","year":"1940","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9601-8_10","article-title":"Siderophore detection using chrome azurol S and cross-feeding assays.","volume":"2021","author":"Himpsl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5186","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095186","article-title":"Contribution of exogenous proline to abiotic stresses tolerance in plants: A review.","volume":"23","author":"Hosseinifard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2023.2261548","article-title":"Selenium-Priming mediated growth and yield improvement of turnip under saline conditions.","volume":"26","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"FP24277","DOI":"10.1071\/FP24277","article-title":"Assessing the synergistic effects of biochar, hydrogel, and biofertilizer on growth and physiological traits of wheat in saline environments","volume":"52","author":"Jabborova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Funct. Plant. Biol"},{"key":"B39","author":"Jackson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Soil Chemical Analysis: Advanced Course"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-40277-8_13","author":"Jalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiological Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Salt Stress Tolerance."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15482","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415482","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-menopausal, and anti-cancer effects of lignans and their metabolites.","volume":"23","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580024","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.580024","article-title":"Recent understanding of soil acidobacteria and their ecological significance: A critical review.","volume":"11","author":"Kalam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946217","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.946217","article-title":"Evaluation of plant growth-promoting and salinity ameliorating potential of halophilic bacteria isolated from saline soil.","volume":"13","author":"Kapadia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8369","DOI":"10.3390\/su13158369","article-title":"Halotolerant microbial consortia for sustainable mitigation of salinity stress, growth promotion, and mineral uptake in tomato plants and soil nutrient enrichment.","volume":"13","author":"Kapadia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12040864","article-title":"Regulation of reactive oxygen species during salt stress in plants and their crosstalk with other signaling molecules\u2014current perspectives and future directions.","volume":"12","author":"Kesawat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6536-2_15","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rhizobacteria: Legendary Soil Guards in Abiotic Stress Management."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061551","article-title":"Insights into the interactions among roots, rhizosphere, and rhizobacteria for improving plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses: A review.","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24917","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13252-7","article-title":"Beneficial microbiomes for bioremediation of diverse contaminated environments for environmental sustainability: Present status and future challenges.","volume":"28","author":"Kour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081528","article-title":"Microorganisms in plant growth and development: Roles in abiotic stress tolerance and secondary metabolites secretion.","volume":"10","author":"Koza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660409","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.660409","article-title":"Effect of salt stress on growth, physiological parameters, and ionic concentration of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) cultivars.","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(21)60070-X","article-title":"Potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-plant interactions in mitigating salt stress for sustainable agriculture: A review.","volume":"32","author":"Kumawat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11050927","article-title":"Inoculation of Klebsiella variicola Alleviated salt stress and improved growth and nutrients in wheat and maize.","volume":"11","author":"Kusale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1948.tb07118.x","article-title":"Production of hydrocyanic acid by bacteria.","volume":"1","author":"Lorck","year":"1948","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-395630-9.50158-4","article-title":"Catalase","author":"L\u00fcck","year":"","journal-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-395630-9.50159-6","article-title":"Peroxidase","author":"L\u00fcck","year":"","journal-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Citrate test.","author":"MacWilliams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Microbiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.3390\/life13071499","article-title":"Seed treatment with sodium nitroprusside ensures a long-term physiological and protective effect on wheat under salinity.","volume":"13","author":"Maslennikova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/19315260.2019.1632401","article-title":"Isolation, screening and application of a potent PGPR for enhancing growth of Chickpea as affected by nitrogen level.","volume":"26","author":"Mazumdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202000370","article-title":"PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives.","volume":"60","author":"Meena","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2021.104452","article-title":"The effect of whole sesame seeds on milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in goats.","volume":"245","author":"Mitsiopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769809065821","article-title":"Measurement of lipid peroxidation.","volume":"28","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117364","article-title":"Vulnerability of U.S. new and industrial crop genetic resources.","volume":"206","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111736","article-title":"Soil salinity under climate change: Challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security.","volume":"280","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03536-0","article-title":"PGPR: The treasure of multifarious beneficial microorganisms for nutrient mobilization, pest biocontrol and plant growth promotion in field crops.","volume":"39","author":"Nagrale","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6536-2_2","article-title":"Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and salinity stress: A journey into the soil","author":"Nasab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for sustainable stress Management Vol 1 Abiotic Stress Management"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13383.x","article-title":"An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.","volume":"170","author":"Nautiyal","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11233316","article-title":"Exploring the plant growth-promotion of four streptomyces strains from rhizosphere soil to enhance cucumber growth and yield.","volume":"11","author":"Omar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126439","article-title":"ACC deaminase in plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB): An efficient mechanism to counter salt stress in crops.","volume":"235","author":"Orozco-Mosqueda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11091100","article-title":"Abiotic stresses in plants and their markers: A practice view of plant stress responses and programmed cell death mechanisms.","volume":"11","author":"Paes de Melo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2023.e00781","article-title":"Microbial seed coating: An attractive tool for sustainable agriculture.","volume":"37","author":"Paravar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251054","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2023.1251054","article-title":"Editorial: soil microbiome metabolomics: A way forward to sustainable intensification.","volume":"7","author":"Parray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101808","article-title":"Abscisic acid signaling reduced transpiration flow, regulated Na ion homeostasis and antioxidant enzyme activities to induce salinity toleranc.","volume":"24","author":"Parveen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.09.006","article-title":"Phytohormone production endowed with antagonistic potential and plant growth promoting abilities of culturable endophytic bacteria isolated from Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp.","volume":"193","author":"Passari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s42398-018-0005-3","article-title":"Modified chrome azurol S method for detection and estimation of siderophores having affinity for metal ions other than iron.","volume":"1","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-4124-5_14","article-title":"PGPR: A sustainable agricultural mitigator for stressed agro-environments","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms of Arid Region"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728576","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.728576","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of proline in cell behavior.","volume":"9","author":"Patriarca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689972","DOI":"10.3389\/fagro.2021.689972","article-title":"Plant growth-promoting microbe mediated uptake of essential nutrients (Fe, P, K) for crop stress management: Microbe\u2013soil\u2013plant continuum.","volume":"3","author":"Pattnaik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Agron."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85175978","DOI":"10.22541\/au.172114768.85175978\/v1","volume":"851","author":"Praveen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Growth-Promotion and Tri-Trophic Interaction of Trichoderma asperellum Against Root Rot of Black Gram."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05321","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical traits in coriander affected by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under salt stress.","volume":"6","author":"Rabiei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-022-04052-5","article-title":"Crop microbiome: Their role and advances in molecular and omic techniques for the sustenance of agriculture.","volume":"257","author":"Rai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-021-02764-8","article-title":"Pyramiding ascorbate\u2013glutathione pathway in Lycopersicum esculentum confers tolerance to drought and salinity stress.","volume":"41","author":"Raja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.7324\/JABB.2023.110207","article-title":"Endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Untapped treasurer for agricultural sustainability.","volume":"11","author":"Rana","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60087a022","article-title":"Quantitative determination of amino acids.","volume":"26","author":"Roland","year":"1954","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/su14010490","article-title":"Halotolerant rhizobacteria for salinity-stress mitigation: Diversity, mechanisms and molecular approaches.","volume":"14","author":"Sagar","year":"","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-024-02397-w","article-title":"Molecular characterization reveals biodiversity and biopotential of rhizobacterial isolates of Bacillus Spp.","volume":"87","author":"Sagar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-020-00852-9","article-title":"ACC deaminase and antioxidant enzymes producing halophilic Enterobacter sp. PR14 promotes the growth of rice and millets under salinity stress.","volume":"26","author":"Sagar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85465-2_24","author":"Sagar","year":"","journal-title":"Bacillus subtilis: A Multifarious Plant Growth Promoter, Biocontrol Agent, and Bioalleviator of Abiotic Stress."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-95090-9.00013-3","article-title":"PGPR-mediated mitigation of biotic and abiotic stress in plants","author":"Saini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Microbial Technology for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51709","DOI":"10.3791\/51709","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons.","volume":"90","author":"Sanschagrin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(21)60058-9","article-title":"Hydrogen cyanide production by soil bacteria: Biological control of pests and promotion of plant growth in sustainable agriculture.","volume":"32","author":"Sehrawat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.32604\/phyton.2022.017365","article-title":"Salinity stress in wheat: Effects, mechanisms and management strategies.","volume":"91","author":"Seleiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phyton (B. Aires)."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-025-01294-7","article-title":"Enhancing soil health and crop productivity: The role of zinc-solubilizing bacteria in sustainable agriculture.","volume":"1","author":"Sethi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13579","DOI":"10.3390\/su142013579","article-title":"Proline-induced modifications in morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars under salt stress.","volume":"14","author":"Shahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112526","article-title":"Foliar application of either melatonin or sodium nitpoprusside regulates the antioxidant status, and the morpho-physiological attributes and essential oil production in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under salinity stress.","volume":"323","author":"Sheikhalipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam)."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12772","article-title":"Soil salinity: A global threat to sustainable development.","volume":"38","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6986-5_8","article-title":"Plant small RNAs: Big players in biotic stress responses","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Stress Management . Microorganisms for Sustainability"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107747","article-title":"Sustainable agriculture through perennial grains: Wheat, rice, maize, and other species. A review.","volume":"325","author":"Soto-G\u00f3mez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-021-03595-9","article-title":"Control of elevated ion accumulation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation with salicylic acid-induced accumulation of glycine betaine in salinity-exposed Vigna radiata L.","volume":"193","author":"Syeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143068","article-title":"Effect of bio-fertilizers and seaweed extract on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different irrigation regimes: Two-year field study.","volume":"364","author":"Vafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993841","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.993841","article-title":"Lilium pumilum stress-responsive NAC transcription factor LpNAC17 enhances salt stress tolerance in tobacco.","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194079","article-title":"Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A comprehensive review of nutritional value, phytochemical composition, health benefits, development of food, and industrial applications.","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-35-1-13","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide formation and catalase activity in the lactic acid bacteria.","volume":"35","author":"Whittenbury","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167688","article-title":"Uranium bioprecipitation mediated by a phosphate-solubilizing Enterobacter sp. N1-10 and remediation of uranium-contaminated soil.","volume":"906","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111175","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of palm oil vitamin E-derived tocotrienols in inflammation and chronic diseases: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies.","volume":"156","author":"Zainal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13050721","article-title":"Exogenous sodium and calcium alleviate drought stress by promoting the succulence of Suaeda salsa.","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110845","article-title":"Development of a high resolution melting method based on a novel molecular target for discrimination between Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis.","volume":"151","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1590854\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T05:38:46Z","timestamp":1747201126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1590854\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1590854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1590854","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"article-number":"1590854"}}