{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:03:46Z","timestamp":1791331426075,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the 21st century, three severe human coronavirus infections have occurred. One of them is the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a merbecovirus belonging to the family <jats:italic>Coronaviridae<\/jats:italic>, is a human pathogenic coronavirus first detected in 2012. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed for both therapeutics and prevention of MERS-CoV infection. However, the extent to which these anti-MERS-CoV antibodies neutralize other merbecoviruses remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the cross-neutralization ability of ten anti-MERS-CoV mAbs against the pseudoviruses with the spike proteins of five merbecoviruses known to bind to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4): three clades of MERS-CoV, a bat-derived merbecovirus (BtCoV-422) and a pangolin-derived merbecovirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). We show that all eight mAbs targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) potently neutralize all MERS-CoV clades, but not BtCoV-422 and MjHKU4r-CoV. Of these, the neutralization potency of one mAb, m336, against the MERS-CoV clade B declined due to the V530L substitution detected in certain isolates during the 2015 outbreak in South Korea. On the other hand, although BtCoV-422 was neutralized by the two non-RBD mAbs, 7D10 (targeting the N-terminal domain) and G4 (targeting the S2 subunit), MjHKU4r-CoV found to be resistant. Our findings suggest that combining multiple mAbs targeting different epitopes could be a promising strategy for prevention of future outbreaks caused by novel pathogenic merbecoviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1593095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T05:37:53Z","timestamp":1752644273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cross-neutralization ability of anti-MERS-CoV monoclonal antibodies against a variety of merbecoviruses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarel Elgin","family":"Tolentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kosugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","article-title":"Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with alpha fold 3","volume":"630","author":"Abramson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31629","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31629","article-title":"Passive transfer of a germline-like neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects transgenic mice against lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection","volume":"6","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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Dis."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.04.019","article-title":"Casirivimab-imdevimab treatment is associated with reduced rates of mortality and hospitalization in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(91)90434-d","article-title":"Efficient selection for high-expression transfectants with a novel eukaryotic vector","volume":"108","author":"Niwa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3003.231488","article-title":"Biphasic MERS-CoV incidence in nomadic dromedaries with putative transmission to humans, Kenya, 2022-2023","volume":"30","author":"Ogoti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2018.031","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome: what we learned from the 2015 outbreak in the Republic of Korea","volume":"33","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. 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