{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:22:53Z","timestamp":1792592573034,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common and serious complication of liver cirrhosis, often associated with worsened prognosis and increased risk of hepatic decompensation. The role of gut and circulating microbiota in its pathogenesis remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled cirrhotic patients with PVT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 17) and cirrhotic patients without PVT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25). Fecal and peripheral blood samples were collected from all; portal vein samples were obtained from 16 patients undergoing TIPS. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on fecal, peripheral blood, and portal venous blood samples to compare the diversity, structural differences, key microbial taxa, and characteristic variations of gut and circulating microbiota between cirrhotic patients with and without PVT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) Gut microbiota showed no \u03b1-diversity difference between groups, but \u03b2-diversity differed significantly. PVT patients had increased Gram-negative bacteria (such as <jats:italic>Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>) and decreased SCFA-producing taxa. (2) Compared with peripheral vein microbiota, portal vein microbiota showed significant difference in \u03b1 diversity and \u03b2 diversity in cirrhotic patients with PVT, with <jats:italic>Massilia<\/jats:italic> enriched. (3) Portal microbiota had the highest diagnostic value for PVT (AUC = 0.95). (4) The tPVT group had more portal-feces shared genera than the tNPVT group (49 vs. 29). Portal-peripheral-feces shared taxa were predominantly LPS-producing Gram-negative bacteria such as <jats:italic>Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>. (5) Most bacterial genera in the portal vein showed significant positive correlations with LPS and FVIII in the portal vein. Genera such as <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eubacterium_hallii_group<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Agathobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Romboutsia<\/jats:italic> were significantly negatively correlated with Child-Pugh scores. <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eubacterium_hallii_group<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Agathobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Subdoligranulum<\/jats:italic> were significantly negatively correlated with MELD scores. <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Agathobacter<\/jats:italic> were significantly negatively correlated with D-Dimer, while <jats:italic>Subdoligranulum<\/jats:italic> showed significant positive correlations with LPS and FVIII in the portal vein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intestinal dysbiosis and translocation in cirrhotic patients with PVT lead to differential changes in the portal and peripheral circulatory microbiomes. This may contribute to the formation of PVT by inducing endotoxemia and systemic inflammation, providing a new microbiological perspective on the pathogenesis of cirrhosis-related PVT through the gut-liver axis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1597145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T05:30:26Z","timestamp":1750311026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of gut and circulating microbiota characteristics in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cun-kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2017.02.003","article-title":"Shigella sonnei and hemolytic uremic syndrome: A case report and literature review.","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153563","article-title":"The effect of the gut microbiota on systemic and anti-tumor immunity and response to systemic therapy against cancer.","volume":"14","author":"Aghamajidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00069","article-title":"Compartmentalization of immune response and microbial translocation in decompensated cirrhosis.","volume":"10","author":"Alvarez-Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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