{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:30:45Z","timestamp":1792387845803,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a changing climate, the increase in temperature of boar semen doses during shipping to sow farms is a concern. Temperatures above the recommended storage range of 16\u201318\u00b0C for boar semen may compromise sperm quality due to bacterial growth and heat stress. The aim was to investigate whether cooling semen doses to 5\u00b0C prior to simulated transport at an environmental temperature of 30\u00b0C could inhibit bacterial growth and maintain sperm quality. Extended semen was treated in three variants: with and without pre-cooling to 5\u00b0C before simulated transport the next day at 30\u00b0C, and a control held stationary at 17\u00b0C. Transport vibration was simulated by shaking the semen doses for 6 h on an orbital shaker. Thereafter, all samples were stored at 17\u00b0C for 144 h. Pre-cooling efficiently delayed exponential microbial growth in samples spiked with resistant bacterial species. Although sperm motility was reduced by ~13 % in the pre-cooled samples, minimum quality requirements were fulfilled. Sperm membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential were not affected by the treatment. In conclusion, pre-cooling of semen before transport in a hot environment enhances biosafety of semen doses, while maintaining quality standards for use in artificial insemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1611562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T01:53:17Z","timestamp":1751421197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pre-cooling of boar semen before transport in a hot environment enhances biosafety"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Reckinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Luther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Verspohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann Lotz","family":"Artavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Waberski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00261-2","article-title":"Field investigations of bacterial contaminants and their effects on extended porcine semen","volume":"53","author":"Althouse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.09.031","article-title":"Bacteriospermia in extended porcine semen","volume":"63","author":"Althouse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Guidelines of the Spermatology Reference Laboratories of the BRS: The German Livestock Association\n          \n          2023"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2024.111377","article-title":"The effect of temperature shock on enhancing sperm motility: a new insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms through current procedures","volume":"188","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. 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