{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:31:37Z","timestamp":1777649497644,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rising global burden of invasive fungal infections and the growing issue of antifungal resistance present critical public health threats. By using multicenter surveillance data from Sichuan Province, we conducted the largest five-year study on fungemia to date. Our objective was to gain insights into regional differences in the distribution and resistance patterns of fungal pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective analysis of fungal bloodstream infections (BSIs) from 31 hospitals (2019\u20132023). Integrated clinical and laboratory data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 to assess resistance patterns, and Microsoft Excel (with PivotTable functionality) was used to analyze epidemiological trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annual fungal isolations increased steadily over the study period. <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species accounted for 88.7% (1,805\/2,034) of the bloodstream isolates, with <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> being the most common (38.4%, 694\/1,805). The majority of patients were men (58.6%, 1,191\/2,034) and aged 46\u202fyears or older (80.0%, 1,627\/2,034). Intensive care unit (ICU) cases accounted for 36.8% (748\/2,034) of the total. <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> showed the highest fluconazole susceptibility (91.2%, 633\/694). Both <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> complex maintained &amp;gt;80% voriconazole susceptibility, followed by the voriconazole wild-type <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> complex (69.3%). <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic> exhibited high resistance to fluconazole (36.2%, 21\/58) and voriconazole (34.8%, 20\/58). <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. displayed non-wild-type rates to amphotericin B (8.7%), flucytosine (5.8%), fluconazole (8.7%), voriconazole (8.0%), and itraconazole (4.1%). Different hospital types isolated varying fungal species. While <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was the predominant species in 83.9% (26\/31) of the hospitals, pediatric specialty centers exhibited distinct microbiological profiles, showing the highest isolation rates of the <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> complex (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u202f=\u202f18.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our research conducted across several centers, revealed significant geographic variations in the spread of fungal diseases and antifungal resistance. It is important to understand local epidemiology to guide antifungal therapy and enhance stewardship programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1616013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T05:26:55Z","timestamp":1751866015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The prevalence, patterns, and antifungal drug resistance of bloodstream infection-causing fungi in Sichuan Province, China (2019\u20132023): a retrospective observational study using national monitoring data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01053-05","article-title":"Impact of antimicrobial dosing regimen on evolution of drug resistance in vivo: fluconazole and Candida albicans","volume":"50","author":"Andes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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