{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:18:45Z","timestamp":1787026725579,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a gram-negative bacterium that associated with diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In recent years, various treatment options have been evaluated, such as bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, high-dose dual therapy, and the use of acid-suppressing drugs such as Vonoprazan, however, the effectiveness of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    eradication treatment is still dramatically decreasing due to the rising antibiotic resistance rate, and successful eradication of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    has become a major public health problem. Therefore a promising strategy against drug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    is to individualize treatment based on the outcome of antibiotic resistance. This article reviews the antibiotic resistance situation in recent years in various regions. The advantages and disadvantages of novel antibiotic resistance detection methods are examined, and the therapeutic efficacy of individualized therapy under different detection methods is evaluated. Molecular methods have developed rapidly in recent years, and non-invasive methods can quickly and accurately determine the presence of drug resistance. Clinical application of antibiotic resistance test results to guide medication use needs to be used as early as possible. Customized therapies based on antibiotic drug sensitivity testing and individualized therapies guided by personal medication history can contribute to future therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1626930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T05:19:40Z","timestamp":1755580780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection in personalized eradication therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lingzhu","family":"Gou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenghui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenji","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dekui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020234","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors and Clarithromycin Resistance-Associated Mutations in Mexican Patients","volume":"12","author":"Alarc\u00f3n-Mill\u00e1n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00792","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000792","article-title":"Accuracy of fecal polymerase chain reaction testing in clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Al Qady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. 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Hepatol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14383","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of a tailored Helicobacter pylori eradication strategy based on the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation that causes clarithromycin resistance in Korean patients","volume":"34","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2022.2017280","article-title":"Comparison of tailored Helicobacter pylori eradication versus modified bismuth quadruple therapy in Korea: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70040","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.70040","article-title":"Comparison of therapeutic outcomes between concomitant therapy and tailored therapy for Helicobacter pylori: a multicenter, prospective, and randomized study","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150396","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1150396","article-title":"Effectiveness of 7-day triple therapy with half-dose clarithromycin for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori without the A2143G and A2142G point mutations of the 23S rRNA gene in a high clarithromycin resistance area","volume":"10","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med. 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Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref9005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001051","article-title":"Real-time PCR detection of a 16S rRNA single mutation of Helicobacter pylori isolates associated with reduced susceptibility and resistance to tetracycline in the gastroesophageal mucosa of individual hosts","volume":"68","author":"Contreras","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11153","article-title":"Study on the value of antibiotic-resistant gene detection in Helicobacter pylori in China","volume":"23","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. 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Res. Notes"},{"key":"ref9004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020356","article-title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility and Clarithromycin Resistance Determinants in Helicobacter pylori in the Northeast of Spain: A One-Year Prospective Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 12","author":"Mormeneo Bayo","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12634","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12634","article-title":"Detection of Helicobacter pylori with clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations using peptide nucleic acid probe-based melting point analysis","volume":"24","author":"Nahm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref9006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13009","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13009","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and heteroresistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from symptomatic Vietnamese children: A prospective multicenter study","volume":"28","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref9007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl220076","article-title":"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Clarithromycin Resistance","volume":"17","author":"Noh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref9008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2023.21954","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of Clarithromycin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Strains","volume":"34","author":"\u00d6rsten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23563","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23563","article-title":"Validation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect Helicobacter pylori and 23S rRNA mutations: a prospective, observational clinical cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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A three-arm, multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref9014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04188-4","article-title":"Molecular testing for H. pylori clarithromycin and quinolone resistance: a prospective Chinese study","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1986","article-title":"Detection of the clarithromycin resistance of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa by the amplification refractory mutation system combined with quantitative real-time PCR","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref9015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2021.106393","article-title":"Establishment of a TaqMan-MGB probe multiplex real-time PCR system for one-step levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistant Helicobacter pylori detection","volume":"192","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002546","article-title":"Chinese national clinical practice guideline on Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment","volume":"135","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. 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