{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:21:17Z","timestamp":1793042477405,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major public health concern, further complicated by the rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Uropathogenic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of UTIs, notable for its genetic diversity and its ability to acquire both virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study conducted a comprehensive phenotypic and molecular characterization of 126 UPEC strains isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Seventeen virulence genes were screened, antimicrobial susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was assessed, phylogenetic grouping was performed, and potential clonal relationships were analyzed using ERIC-PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Strains isolated from male patients exhibited significantly higher virulence gene counts (mean: 10.48 vs. 8.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.0029), resistance indices (RI\u202f=\u202f0.46 vs. 0.27; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001), and multidrug resistance rates (88% vs. 63%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.009) compared to those from female patients. Extended-spectrum <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactamase (ESBL) production was observed in 42% of isolates, with a higher prevalence in males (59%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.049). Phylogroup B2 was the most frequent (29%) and was significantly associated with virulence genes <jats:italic>papG-II<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cnf-1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>fyuA<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>iucD<\/jats:italic>. Despite high genetic heterogeneity observed through ERIC-PCR, clonal clusters sharing similar phylogroups, virulence profiles, and resistance phenotypes were identified. A weak but significant correlation was found between virulence and resistance indices (r = 0.1796; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0442).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides the first in-depth molecular and phenotypic characterization of UPEC in Honduras. The detection of highly virulent and multidrug-resistant strains underscores the need to reinforce local molecular surveillance and to revise empirical treatment guidelines based on local epidemiological data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1656938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T05:34:33Z","timestamp":1759383273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comprehensive molecular and phenotypic profiling of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a Honduran healthcare setting: virulence, resistance and phylogeny"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel G.","family":"Ballesteros-Monrreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elixia","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mendez-Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Enr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Fontecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.96657","article-title":"Pathogenomics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"30","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. 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