{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:45:33Z","timestamp":1787730333711,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate whether the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) classification of osteoporosis corresponds to specific gut microbial and metabolic profiles, thereby providing a microbiological basis for TCM syndrome differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy elderly controls and osteoporosis patients categorized by TCM subtype. Gut microbiota composition and metabolite profiles were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The gut microbiota dysbiosis index was significantly elevated in osteoporosis patients compared to healthy controls, with the highest levels observed in the spleen-kidney Yang deficiency subtype. Distinct microbial signatures were identified:\n                      <jats:italic>Intestinibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Phascolarctobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      were significantly enriched in kidney Yang deficiency osteoporosis, while\n                      <jats:italic>Olsenella<\/jats:italic>\n                      was markedly increased in spleen-kidney Yang deficiency osteoporosis. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between these microbial markers and clinical parameters:\n                      <jats:italic>Intestinibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Phascolarctobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      abundances negatively correlated with bone mineral density at multiple skeletal sites, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Olsenella<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels were negatively associated with appendicular skeletal muscle index. Importantly, microbial metabolic pathways differed between TCM subtypes, with kidney Yang deficiency associated with vitamin D metabolism and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency linked to lipid metabolism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TCM classification captures meaningful biological heterogeneity in osteoporosis, reflected in distinct microbiome and metabolic signatures. These findings provide a microbiological basis for TCM syndrome differentiation and may inform personalized approaches to osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1663716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T12:42:18Z","timestamp":1761136938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of the integrated gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in osteoporosis patients with different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dihang","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0032223","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00322-23","article-title":"Meta-analysis reveals compositional and functional microbial changes associated with osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Akinsuyi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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