{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:06:23Z","timestamp":1778259983441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dietary fibre in late gestation may affect sow physiology, colostrum quality, gut microbiota, and piglet performance. This study examined whether increasing fibre levels enhances sow health and reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty pregnant Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire sows (parity 2 or 4) were allocated to either a low-fibre (LF, 5.2%) or high-fibre (HF, 7.7%) diet from day 85 of gestation until parturition, after which all sows received a common lactation diet. Sow performance, constipation, nutrient digestibility, colostrum quality, cord blood parameters, and gut microbiota profiles were assessed. Piglet growth performance was recorded until weaning. Correlation analyses were conducted to examine associations between bacterial taxa and physiological indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HF sows showed improved piglet vitality (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), higher faecal scores, and lower constipation rates (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Colostrum protein, total solids, IgA, and IgM concentrations were increased in HF sows (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Cord blood glucose and IL-10 were reduced, whereas eNOS was elevated (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Digestibility of crude fibre, ADF, and NDF increased, while protein digestibility decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Gut microbiota analysis indicated increased abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      _\n                      <jats:italic>XPB<\/jats:italic>\n                      1014_\n                      <jats:italic>group<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Methanobrevibacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and decreased\n                      <jats:italic>Treponema<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      _\n                      <jats:italic>UCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      -001, and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Piglets from HF sows exhibited greater average daily gain and weaning weight (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Beneficial associations were observed for\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Terrisporobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      _\n                      <jats:italic>XPB<\/jats:italic>\n                      1014_\n                      <jats:italic>group<\/jats:italic>\n                      with reproductive traits;\n                      <jats:italic>Phascolarctobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:italic>Eubacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      _\n                      <jats:italic>ruminantium<\/jats:italic>\n                      _\n                      <jats:italic>group<\/jats:italic>\n                      correlated with piglet growth; while\n                      <jats:italic>Treponema<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Rikenellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      _\n                      <jats:italic>RC<\/jats:italic>\n                      9_\n                      <jats:italic>gut<\/jats:italic>\n                      _\n                      <jats:italic>group<\/jats:italic>\n                      were negatively associated with constipation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher dietary fibre in late gestation improved gastrointestinal function, colostrum quality, and piglet growth, likely through enhanced fibre digestibility and favourable modulation of gut microbiota. These findings support increased fibre supplementation to optimise sow and piglet health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1667697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:33:37Z","timestamp":1764830017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dietary fibre supplementation in late gestation modulates gut microbiota and improves reproductive performance and colostrum quality in sows"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guanglei","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunxue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifen","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101340","article-title":"Biomarkers and utility of the antioxidant potential of probiotic lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as representatives of the human gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Averina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030318","article-title":"The weaker sex? The propensity for male-biased piglet mortality","volume":"7","author":"Baxter","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111000772","article-title":"Oxidative stress status of highly prolific sows during gestation and lactation","volume":"5","author":"Berchieri-Ronchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6615960","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6615960","article-title":"Effect of oral administration with Lactobacillus plantarum CAM6 strain on sows during gestation-lactation and the derived impact on their progeny performance","volume":"2021","author":"Betancur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1080\/17450399009428443","article-title":"Postpartale N-Bilanzen laktierender Sauen","volume":"40","author":"Bolduan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092129","article-title":"Valorisation of by-products from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) processing","volume":"25","author":"Colletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126929","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/126929","article-title":"Adverse effects associated with protein intake above the recommended dietary allowance for adults","volume":"2013","author":"Delimaris","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Nutr."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v47i6.4","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood parameters, and antibody stimulation in piglets","volume":"47","author":"Dlamini","year":"2017","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2016.11.002","article-title":"The use of Lactobacillus as an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters in pigs: a review","volume":"3","author":"Dowarah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583070","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.583070","article-title":"Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus KLDS 1.0207 exerts antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects in vitro and improves blood biochemical parameters in vivo against notable foodborne pathogens","volume":"11","author":"Evivie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1978.4661694x","article-title":"Diabetogenic effects of pregnancy in sows on plasma glucose and insulin release","volume":"46","author":"George","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txz126","article-title":"The effects of soybean hulls level, distillers dried grains with solubles, and net energy formulation on nursery pig performance","volume":"3","author":"Goehring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12489-0","article-title":"Gut flora in health and disease","volume":"361","author":"Guarner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.06.009","article-title":"Dietary ferulic acid and vanillic acid on inflammation, gut barrier function and growth performance in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092177","article-title":"Revisiting the intestinal microbiome and its role in diarrhea and constipation","volume":"11","author":"Iancu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.06.090","article-title":"Satiating properties of diets rich in dietary fibre fed to sows as evaluated by physico-chemical properties, gastric emptying rate and physical activity","volume":"134","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12010094","article-title":"Effects of litter size and parity on farrowing duration of landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire sows","volume":"12","author":"Ju","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas-2014-060","article-title":"Colostrum production in sows fed different sources of fiber and fat during late gestation","volume":"95","author":"Krogh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001528","article-title":"Digestibility and metabolic utilisation of dietary energy in adult sows: influence of addition and origin of dietary fibre","volume":"87","author":"Le Goff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.114945","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber supplementation in gestation diets on sow performance, physiology and milk composition for successive three parities","volume":"276","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70143","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70143","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from Limosilactobacillus johnsonii enhance Milk fat synthesis by inducing CD36 dynamic Palmitoylation and activating PPAR\u03b3 Signalling","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801221RR","article-title":"Microbial and metabolic alterations in gut microbiota of sows during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/66744","article-title":"Application and conversion of soybean hulls","volume-title":"Soybean\u2014the basis of yield, biomass and productivity","author":"Liu","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00591-20","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00591-20","article-title":"Consumption of dietary fiber from different sources during pregnancy alters sow gut microbiota and improves performance and reduces inflammation in sows and piglets","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6526","article-title":"Effects of high fiber intake during late pregnancy on sow physiology, colostrum production, and piglet performance","volume":"91","author":"Loisel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00434-z","article-title":"Probiotics alleviate constipation and inflammation in late gestating and lactating sows","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4264","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2390556","article-title":"Journey of dietary fiber along the gastrointestinal tract: role of physical interactions, mucus, and biochemical transformations","volume":"65","author":"Meldrum","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735204","article-title":"Determination of the optimum dietary essential amino acid profile for growing phase of Nile tilapia by deletion method","volume":"523","author":"Nascimento","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00019","article-title":"Gut microbiota and chronic constipation: a review and update","volume":"6","author":"Ohkusa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.12.009","article-title":"Environmental and sow-related factors affecting the duration of farrowing","volume":"119","author":"Oliviero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.02.005","article-title":"Prolonged duration of farrowing is associated with subsequent decreased fertility in sows","volume":"79","author":"Oliviero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.44","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR-S6K pathway","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.53837","article-title":"Effect of dietary fiber and crude protein content in feed on nitrogen retention in pigs","volume":"90","author":"Patr\u00e1\u0161","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0984-3","article-title":"Prevalence of constipation and its influence on post-parturient disorders in tropical sows","volume":"48","author":"Pearodwong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092292","article-title":"Effect of dietary fiber on reproductive performance, intestinal microorganisms and immunity of the sow: a review","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0376","article-title":"Effect of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber on embryo survival and sow performance","volume":"86","author":"Renteria-Flores","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4922","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz278","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber sources during late gestation and lactation on sow performance, milk quality, and intestinal health in piglets","volume":"97","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00573-3","article-title":"Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile, inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation","volume":"12","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020415","article-title":"The effect of increasing neutral detergent fiber level through different fiber feed ingredients throughout the gestation of sows","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5041417","article-title":"Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits","volume":"5","author":"Slavin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165","article-title":"The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis","volume":"341","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061719","article-title":"Screening of lactic acid bacteria with inhibitory activity against ETEC K88 as feed additive and the effects on sows and piglets","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skae092","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae092","article-title":"Effect of different feeding strategies and dietary fiber levels on energy and protein retention in gestating sows","volume":"102","author":"Wisbech","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756910","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.756910","article-title":"Inclusion of soluble fiber during gestation regulates gut microbiota, improves bile acid homeostasis, and enhances the reproductive performance of sows","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12121543","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber, crude protein level, and gestation stage on the nitrogen utilization of multiparous gestating sows","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skab257","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab257","article-title":"Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.80123247x","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs","volume":"80","author":"Zervas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1801187","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201801187","article-title":"Abundance of probiotics and butyrate-production microbiome manages constipation via short-chain fatty acids production and hormones secretion","volume":"63","author":"Zhuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1667697\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:33:37Z","timestamp":1764830017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1667697\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1667697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1667697","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"article-number":"1667697"}}