{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:37:27Z","timestamp":1785353847507,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006445","name":"University of Warsaw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006445","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Medical University of Warsaw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006445","name":"University of Warsaw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006445","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a platelet concentrate widely applied in various medical fields and is considered a valuable adjunct in tissue regeneration during surgical procedures. However, infections caused by biofilm-forming bacteria at surgical sites, combined with increasing antibiotic resistance, present a major clinical concern. Current research is focused on identifying alternative therapeutic strategies to improve infection control and promote wound healing. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome of healthy individuals and evaluate the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antimicrobial properties of two PRF formulations. The antibacterial activity, along with its temporal dynamics at different initial bacterial concentrations, was assessed against Gram-negative bacteria (\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and Gram-positive bacteria exhibiting diverse morphologies (\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Micrococcus luteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus lentus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus casseliflavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Our results fill gaps in knowledge concerning the spectrum of PRF\u2019s antimicrobial activity, demonstrating efficacy against a range of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria. Key findings include the absence of significant differences in oral microbiome composition between male and female participants, a lack of inhibitory effect of A-PRF against\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and a transient inhibitory effect against\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    observed only at low initial OD\u2086\u2080\u2080 and within 24\u202fh. These findings indicate that A-PRF therapy alone may not provide a sufficiently effective antibacterial effect in patients with oral infections, and that alternative or adjunctive therapeutic approaches should be considered in such cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1691046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T10:31:26Z","timestamp":1761820286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of the oral microbiome composition of healthy individuals and the in vitro antibacterial activity of platelet-rich fibrin from these individuals against oral pathogenic bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Popowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Domanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Koseski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Ostrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Zalewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Ma\u0142ecka-Gie\u0142dowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"\u0141asica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Popowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101173","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors and clinical significance in periodontal disease and coronary artery diseases","volume":"11","author":"Aleksijevi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0785-7","article-title":"Reduction of relative centrifugal forces increases growth factor release within solid platelet-rich-fibrin (PRF)-based matrices: a proof of concept of LSCC (low speed centrifugation concept)","volume":"45","author":"Bagdadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12565","article-title":"Studying the human oral microbiome: challenges and the evolution of solutions","volume":"63","author":"Benn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"135","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method","volume":"3","author":"Biemer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625229","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.625229","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the human Oral microbiome during the menstrual cycle and vulnerability to the external exposures of smoking and dietary sugar","volume":"11","author":"Bostanci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01801-y","article-title":"Defining the oral microbiome by whole-genome sequencing and resistome analysis: the complexity of the healthy picture","volume":"20","author":"Caselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12643","article-title":"Regenerative potential of leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin. Part A: intra-bony defects, furcation defects and periodontal plastic surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0264-1","article-title":"Using microbiome analyst for comprehensive statistical, functional, and meta-analysis of microbiome data","volume":"15","author":"Chong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.011","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part IV: clinical effects on tissue healing","volume":"101","author":"Choukroun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.105036","article-title":"The salivary microbiota of Thai adults with metabolic disorders and association with diet","volume":"122","author":"Chumponsuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0466","article-title":"Advanced platelet-rich fibrin and freeze-dried bone allograft for ridge preservation: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"89","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10121438","article-title":"The antimicrobial susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis: genetic repertoire, global phenotype, and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Conrads","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12877","article-title":"Leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin block for bone augmentation procedure: A proof-of-concept study","volume":"45","author":"Cortellini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1999.tb02282.x","article-title":"Molecular genetics and nomenclature of proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"34","author":"Curtis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.01.2014.02","article-title":"Classification of platelet concentrates (platelet-rich plasma-PRP, platelet-rich fibrin-PRF) for topical and infiltrative use in orthopedic and sports medicine: current consensus, clinical implications and perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Dohan Ehrenfest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.254.129","article-title":"Comparative study of Oral Bacteria and Fungi microbiota in Tibetan and Chinese Han living at different altitude","volume":"254","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2015.10.018","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of membrane targeting antibiotics","volume":"1858","author":"Epand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00841-w","article-title":"Construction of habitat-specific training sets to achieve species-level assignment in 16S rRNA gene datasets","volume":"8","author":"Escapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2015.1116686","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of platelet-rich preparations. A systematic review of the current pre-clinical evidence","volume":"27","author":"Fabbro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503657","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1503657","article-title":"Roles of Streptococcus mutans in human health: beyond dental caries","volume":"15","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12625","article-title":"Advantages of horizontal centrifugation of platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative medicine and dentistry","author":"Farshidfar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-00099-w","article-title":"Antibacterial effects of platelet-rich fibrin produced by horizontal centrifugation","volume":"12","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000713","article-title":"Characterization of the Oral fungal microbiome (Mycobiome) in healthy individuals","volume":"6","author":"Ghannoum","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00377.x","article-title":"Dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon\u2019s knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins","volume":"54","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5847","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24207-3","article-title":"Impact of a vegan diet on the human salivary microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02208","article-title":"Characterizing the human Mycobiota: A comparison of small subunit rRNA, ITS1, ITS2, and large subunit rRNA genomic targets","volume":"9","author":"Hoggard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5886","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01381-12","article-title":"An extracelluar protease, SepM, generates functional competence-stimulating peptide in Streptococcus mutans UA159","volume":"194","author":"Hossain","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/dj10120223","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans proteases degrade dentinal collagen","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dentistry J."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.10.038","article-title":"Restoration of peri-implant defects in immediate implant installations by Choukroun platelet-rich fibrin and silk fibroin powder combination graft","volume":"109","author":"Jang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270613","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2016.1270613","article-title":"Candida albicans alters the bacterial microbiome of early in vitro oral biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Janus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.04.012","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of injectable platelet rich fibrin-a second-generation platelet concentrate-against biofilm producing oral staphylococcus isolates","volume":"27","author":"Jasmine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Microbiological characteristics of","author":"Koca","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469414","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1469414","article-title":"Periodontitis: etiology, conventional treatments, and emerging bacteriophage and predatory bacteria therapies","volume":"15","author":"\u0141asica","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.gpp3-0051-2018","article-title":"The biology of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"7","author":"Lemos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895537","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.895537","article-title":"The Oral microbiota: community composition, influencing factors, pathogenesis, and interventions","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"305","article-title":"Phenotypic and genetic analysis of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"48","author":"L\u012bduma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7267062","article-title":"Effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin as an adjunctive material to bone graft in maxillary sinus augmentation: A Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14386","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.14386","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin on surgical site wound healing in patients undergoing oral carcinoma resection: A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W310","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad407","article-title":"Microbiome analyst 2.0: comprehensive statistical, functional and integrative analysis of microbiome data","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02262","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02262-20","article-title":"PorZ, an essential component of the type IX secretion system of Porphyromonas gingivalis, delivers anionic lipopolysaccharide to the PorU Sortase for Transpeptidase processing of T9SS cargo proteins","volume":"12","author":"Madej","year":"2021","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/ph9030059","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides targeting gram-positive bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Malanovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.114","article-title":"The subgingival microbiome of clinically healthy current and never smokers","volume":"9","author":"Mason","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.502","article-title":"Staphylococcus lentus: the troublemaker","volume":"14","author":"Mazal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36734","article-title":"A novel method for evaluating and quantifying cell types in platelet rich fibrin and an introduction to horizontal centrifugation","volume":"107","author":"Miron","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020318","article-title":"The contribution of the human Oral microbiome to Oral disease: A review","volume":"11","author":"Morrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12336","article-title":"Mucin can enhance growth, biofilm formation, and survival of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"350","author":"Mothey","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Escherichia coli infection","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Mueller","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56849-x","article-title":"Defining Porphyromonas gingivalis strains associated with periodontal disease","volume":"14","author":"Murugaiyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00451","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00451-20","article-title":"Assessing the variation within the oral microbiome of healthy adults","volume":"5","author":"Nearing","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2236-6","article-title":"The architecture of the gram-positive bacterial cell wall","volume":"582","author":"Pasquina-Lemonche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010482","article-title":"Biological and cellular properties of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) compared to other platelet concentrates: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1064-9","article-title":"The oral fungal mycobiome: characteristics and relation to periodontitis in a pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Peters","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-002-8427-5","article-title":"The prolyl oligopeptidase family","volume":"59","author":"Polg\u00e1r","year":"2002","journal-title":"CMLS Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm.1997.378.3-4.223","article-title":"Titration and mapping of the active site of cysteine proteinases from Porphyromonas gingivalis (gingipains) using peptidyl chloromethanes","volume":"378","author":"Potempa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"232","article-title":"Prevalence of anaerobic Bacteria (P.gingivalis) as major microbial agent in the incidence periodontal diseases by Meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Rafiei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13121197","article-title":"Evaluation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in gram-positive bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Rajput","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103293","article-title":"Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A bidirectional relationship","volume":"145","author":"Saadaoui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13123","article-title":"Biomaterials and regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration in the craniomaxillofacial region: consensus report of group 2 of the 15th European workshop on periodontology on bone regeneration","volume":"46","author":"Sanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4192-2","article-title":"Platelet-rich concentrates differentially release growth factors and induce cell migration in vitro","volume":"473","author":"Sch\u00e4r","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303040","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1303040","article-title":"Pathogenetic characterization of a Micrococcus luteus strain isolated from an infant","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a000414","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000414","article-title":"The bacterial cell envelope","volume":"2","author":"Silhavy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210600903010092","article-title":"Clinical and histological comparison of extraction socket healing following the use of autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) to ridge preservation procedures employing demineralized freeze dried bone allograft material and membrane","volume":"3","author":"Simon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.2174\/138920112800624472","article-title":"Current knowledge and perspectives for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in oral and maxillofacial surgery part 2: bone graft, implant and reconstructive surgery","volume":"13","author":"Simonpieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05532-6","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of clindamycin-loaded platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)","volume":"28","author":"Straub","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2011.610908","article-title":"Platelets display potent antimicrobial activity and release human beta-defensin 2","volume":"23","author":"Tohidnezhad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-018-1505-3","article-title":"Insights into the human oral microbiome","volume":"200","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12365","article-title":"Resilience of the oral microbiome","volume":"86","author":"Wade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020308","article-title":"The human oral microbiome in health and disease: from sequences to ecosystems","volume":"8","author":"Willis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0824-3","article-title":"Impact of platelet-rich fibrin on mandibular third molar surgery recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2000.027009648.x","article-title":"Comparison of the microbiota of supra- and subgingival plaque in health and periodontitis","volume":"27","author":"Xim\u00e9nez-Fyvie","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-023-00369-y","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma, and platelet-rich fibrin in treating temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1209","article-title":"The SILVA and \u201call-species living tree project (LTP)\u201d taxonomic frameworks","volume":"42","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S398739","article-title":"Enterococcus casseliflavus infection: A review of clinical features and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Yoshino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-259","article-title":"Defining the healthy \u201ccore microbiome\u201d of oral microbial communities","volume":"9","author":"Zaura","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12359","article-title":"Optimizing the quality of clinical studies on oral microbiome: a practical guide for planning, performing, and reporting","volume":"85","author":"Zaura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.001","article-title":"Does organically produced lettuce harbor higher abundance of antibiotic resistance genes than conventionally produced?","volume":"98","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1691046\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T10:31:28Z","timestamp":1761820288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1691046\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1691046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1691046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"article-number":"1691046"}}