{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:39:39Z","timestamp":1790066379082,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) impose a substantial global and regional burden, and their management is increasingly complicated by antimicrobial non-susceptibility. In Saudi Arabia, data remain fragmented, with few studies providing species-level analyses stratified by specimen type and infection depth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 6,760 wound and tissue specimens (2016\u20132024) from a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Organisms were identified using standard microbiological methods and VITEK 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was interpreted according to CLSI M100, defining non-susceptibility as resistant or intermediate categories. Binary logistic regression was used to assess temporal trends in antimicrobial non-susceptibility, with year of isolation entered as a continuous predictor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gram-negative organisms predominated (63.2%), followed by Gram-positives (35.6%) and yeast (1.2%).\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the leading pathogen (28.8%), with methicillin resistance detected in 39.0% of isolates.\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (14.7%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (12.1%) were also common. Among Enterobacterales, 26.9% were extended-spectrum\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -lactamase (ESBL) producers and 16.1% were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE).\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed high carbapenem non-susceptibility. Tissue-derived isolates demonstrated significantly higher meropenem non-susceptibility than swab Isolates (20.3% vs. 16.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.027), although Enterobacterales subsets occasionally showed the reverse pattern. Temporal analysis revealed rising non-susceptibility to amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and meropenem (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), while oxacillin resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and clindamycin non-susceptibility in Gram-positives declined over time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gram-negative organisms predominated in SSTIs, showing rising non-susceptibility to amikacin and carbapenems. Separately, among Gram-positive pathogens,\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited a clear decline in oxacillin resistance. These shifts underscore the need for ongoing resistance surveillance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1712297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T06:42:07Z","timestamp":1767940927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Burden and trends of antimicrobial non-susceptibility in skin and soft tissue infections: nine-year microbiological surveillance from a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yahya","family":"Shabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalifa","family":"Binkhamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamir Saad","family":"Alsaeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Abdullah","family":"Aljaberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh Abdullah","family":"Alkhamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad K.","family":"Alshomrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Z.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulah J.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Jebril M.","family":"Bosaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s44337-024-00094-8","article-title":"Prevalence of multidrug-, extensively drug-, and pandrug-resistant bacteria in clinical isolates from king Khaled Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia","volume":"1","author":"Almakrami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discover Med."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2024.101152","article-title":"Rising prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in eastern Saudi Arabia: 8-year surveillance","volume":"59","author":"Almutairi","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/sjmms.sjmms_405_22","article-title":"Isolation and detection of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in postoperative wound infections at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia (2017\u20132021)","volume":"11","author":"Al-Said","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi J. 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