{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:06:32Z","timestamp":1789610792855,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Periodontitis, a chronic gum disease caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, if left untreated, can result in tooth loss, alveolar bone loss, halitosis and other oral health complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      DS31 from the large yellow croaker (\n                      <jats:italic>Larimichthys crocea<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) on periodontitis, three experimental models\u2014biofilm, cellular, and animal models\u2014were established to systematically evaluate its efficacy. First, we sought to clarify the effect of DS31 against\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm. Then, the investigation entailed a comprehensive examination of the immunomodulatory effects of heat-inactivated probiotics on inflammation-inducing cells. Finally, the impact of probiotics on gingival tissue and alveolar bone was evaluated using an established periodontitis rat model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated that bacteria suspension or cell-free supernatant of\n                      <jats:italic>L. casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      DS31 effectively inhibited\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms, thereby reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2) and inflammatory mediators (NO). Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histopathological analysis revealed that supplementation with BS-DS31 or CFS-DS31 mitigated alveolar bone loss and increased bone mineral density in the experimental animals. The secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-8) in the gingival tissue of the rats was reduced.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                      DS31 demonstrates significant potential for alleviating periodontitis and could serve as a promising probiotic candidate for incorporation into functional foods and oral health therapeutic applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1715664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T06:34:14Z","timestamp":1765521254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Probiotics and amelioration of periodontitis: significant roles of Lacticaseibacillus casei DS31"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianzhong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihuang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinmiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-260","article-title":"Isolation of Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10 with ability to secrete bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance from milk products for applications in food industry.","volume":"12","author":"Abbasiliasi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182164","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182164","article-title":"Mechanisms by which Porphyromonas gingivalis evades innate immunity.","volume":"12","author":"Abdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875091","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.875091","article-title":"Periodontitis induced by orthodontic wire ligature drives oral microflora dysbiosis and aggravates alveolar bone loss in an improved murine model.","volume":"13","author":"Ai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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