{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:36:49Z","timestamp":1770230209967,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia (SAB) carries significant mortality. We sought to define clinical and pathogen-specific risk factors to guide early intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all SAB cases at our institution (Jan 2021\u2013Mar 2025), expanding from an initial analysis of four fatal cases. Patient profiles, clinical characteristics and microbiological features were analyzed. Independent risk factors for mortality were determined through multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 40 patients, mortality was higher in the community-associated\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CASA) group (38.5% vs. 14.3%). Analysis revealed Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-positive, methicillin-susceptible ST22 strains caused fatal outcomes in patients co-infected with influenza A or SARS-CoV-2, accompanied by severe leukopenia. Multivariate analysis identified fever before admission, PVL-positive\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      with respiratory viral co-infection, and ST22 strain infection as independent mortality risk factors. In the CASA subgroup, diabetes and PVL with viral co-infection were significant predictors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PVL-producing strains, especially ST22, are key mortality drivers in SAB, with effects amplified by respiratory viral co-infection. Early recognition of PVL\/viral co-infection and comorbidity management are critical for improving outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1719387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T06:47:25Z","timestamp":1770187645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and concurrent respiratory viral infection as risk factors for fatal Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital)","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital)","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital)","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruru","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital)","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingzhen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital)","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital)","place":["Suzhou, China"]},{"name":"Institute for Critical Care Medicine of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.03.015","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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