{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:33:07Z","timestamp":1780367587280,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health concern, particularly in developing countries where antibiotics are often overused and misused. In Bolivia, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, including (fluoro-)quinolones, has led to the proliferation of multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., increasing the risk of resistance gene dissemination to other bacteria, and further deepening the AMR problem. To help mitigate the proliferation of MDR bacteria, bacteriophages can be a valuable complementary treatment to antibiotics. In the present study, we isolated and characterized three novel lytic bacteriophages with activity against (fluoro-)quinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. The isolated bacteriophages, BMBo_CjP_006, BMBo_CjP_007, and BMBo_CjP_009, belong to the class\n                    <jats:italic>Caudoviricetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and possess a linear double-stranded DNA genome. Their genome size ranges from 59 to 77 kb, with a GC-content between 42 to 46%. The 90, 144, and 146 predicted coding sequences (CDSs) of the different bacteriophages did not encode any antibiotic resistance, virulence, or lysogenic-associated genes, confirming their genetic safety and lytic nature. The isolated bacteriophages showed a narrow host range and lytic activity against nine (fluoro-)quinolone-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., including\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni,<\/jats:italic>\n                    with lytic activity varying at MOIs from 0.1 to 100, dependent on bacteriophage and host isolate. In addition, the bacteriophages were stable across a pH range of 4 to 10 and a temperature range of \u221220 \u00b0C to 70 \u00b0C. These characteristics make them promising for biotechnological applications due to their lytic activity, lack of resistance and virulence genes, and potential utility for product preservation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1722119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T06:29:25Z","timestamp":1767335365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Isolation and characterization of novel lytic bacteriophages against (fluoro)quinolone-resistant Campylobacter strains"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuran El\u00edas","family":"Calancha-Padr\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayana","family":"Perez-Condori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Fernando","family":"Gutierrez-Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Martin","family":"Salas-Veizaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Hjort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Alvarez-Aliaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030589","article-title":"Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of three novel E. coli bacteriophages that effectively infect E. coli O18","volume":"10","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020245","article-title":"Ecology and evolutionary biology of hindering phage therapy: the phage tolerance vs. phage resistance of bacterial biofilms","volume":"12","author":"Abedon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14101019","article-title":"Phage cocktail development for bacteriophage therapy: toward improving Spectrum of activity breadth and depth","volume":"14","author":"Abedon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"113","article-title":"Basic phage Electron microscopy","volume-title":"Bacteriophages: Methods and protocols, volume 1: Isolation, characterization, and interactions","author":"Ackermann","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/zoonoticdis2020007","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of lytic bacteriophages specific for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli","volume":"2","author":"Al-Mohammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa490","article-title":"MetaviralSPAdes: assembly of viruses from metagenomic data","volume":"36","author":"Antipov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4511-4518.2003","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter bacteriophages from retail poultry","volume":"69","author":"Atterbury","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. 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