{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:05:18Z","timestamp":1772726718821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of our investigation was to explore the features of gut microbiota dysbiosis and the concentrations of gut metabolites in relation to white matter injury (WMI). Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the influence of gut dysbiosis on neuroinflammation in WMI via intestinal metabolites, and its contribution to pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cerebral hypoxia-ischemia-induced WMI model was established in 3-day-old Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry\/gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analyses and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were undertaken to ascertain WMI biomarkers. Mechanistic experiments were used to analyse activation of the H3K9ac\/BDNF\/TrkB pathway and neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing disclosed gut microbiota dysbiosis in WMI rats, quantified using linear discriminant analysis effect size. Overall, 341 differentially expressed metabolic markers between the WMI and Sham groups were discovered. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes network enhancement evaluation revealed significant downregulation of 20 metabolic processes in the WMI group, which is strongly related to changes in fecal microbial metabolites, and the synthesis process of unsaturated fatty acids was the most significant. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may influence WMI by downregulating metabolites such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Fecal microbiota transplantation increased EPA concentration in the brain tissue of WMI rats. Gut microbiota-derived EPA promoted H3K9ac and BDNF\/TrkB expression and inhibited the transcription of pro-inflammatory TNF-\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and IL-1\u03b2 molecules. These EPA-mediated effects were reversed by TrkB inhibition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WMI induces gut dysbiosis involving down-regulation of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Fecal microbiota transplantation leads to increased levels of EPA. Gut microbiota-derived EPA increases levels of acetylated histone H3K9ac, causes activation of the BDNF\/TrkB pathway, reduces neuroinflammation, and improves WMI-associated myelination disorders. It provides a basis for targeted treatment of white matter injury in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1711114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:05:16Z","timestamp":1772723116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut microbiota-derived EPA alleviates neuroinflammation associated with white matter injury by influencing H3K9ac\/BDNF\/TrkB pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Dalian Women and Children\u2019s Medical Group","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dalian Women and Children\u2019s Medical Group","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuwu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dalian Women and Children\u2019s Medical Group","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807170","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.807170","article-title":"Early influences of microbiota on white matter development in germ-free piglets","volume":"15","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.12.010","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy","volume":"503","author":"Antushevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8571","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8571","article-title":"A complex matrix characterization approach, applied to cigarette smoke, that integrates multiple analytical methods and compound identification strategies for non-targeted liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"34","author":"Arndt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3820","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease","volume":"15","author":"Bazinet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04327-1","article-title":"Early-life gut microbiota and neurodevelopment in preterm infants: any role for Bifidobacterium?","volume":"181","author":"Beghetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341x.2002.00531.x","article-title":"Estimating the number of species in a stochastic abundance model","volume":"58","author":"Chao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1151-3","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid attenuates the inflammatory response by modulating microglia polarization through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of the HMGB1\/NF-\u03baB pathway following experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326269","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulate Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive disorders via PUFA-associated neuroinflammation","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-012-0871-y","article-title":"Valproic acid affected the survival and invasiveness of human glioma cells through diverse mechanisms","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54731","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202254731","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids increase LPI to reduce FUNDC1 dimerization and stability and mitochondrial function","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.3028","article-title":"Effect of OLIG1 on the development of oligodendrocytes and myelination in a neonatal rat PVL model induced by hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20162975","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2975","article-title":"Seizures in children with cerebral palsy and white matter injury","volume":"139","author":"Cooper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0242224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242224","article-title":"How to perform spectrum-based LC-HR-MS screening for more than 1,000 NPS with HighResNPS consensus fragment ions","volume":"15","author":"Davidsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804843","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.804843","article-title":"Interaction of gut microbiota and brain function in patients with chronic insomnia: a regional homogeneity study","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.08.024","article-title":"Role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the enteric nervous system and brain-gut axis in health and disease","volume":"111","author":"Filpa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010099","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurodegeneration in perinatal brain injuries","volume":"11","author":"Fleiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.20-15-05775.2000","article-title":"BDNF protects the neonatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic injury in vivo via the ERK pathway","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993146","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.993146","article-title":"Sodium butyrate mediates histone crotonylation and alleviated neonatal rats hypoxic-ischemic brain injury through gut-brain axis","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01040.x","article-title":"Using ecological diversity measures with bacterial communities","volume":"43","author":"Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.11.005","article-title":"Histone acetylation of oligodendrocytes protects against white matter injury induced by inflammation and hypoxia-ischemia through activation of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in neonatal rats[J]","volume":"1688","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113108","article-title":"Neuroprotection of N-benzyl eicosapentaenamide in neonatal mice following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Jiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06212.x","article-title":"The HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate, stimulates neurogenesis in the ischemic brain","volume":"110","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2023.028","article-title":"Brain-gut-microbiota axis","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108479","article-title":"Sodium butyrate alleviates lead-induced neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and memory impairment through the ACSS2\/H3K9ac\/BDNF pathway","volume":"184","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.002","article-title":"Metabolic dynamics and prediction of gestational age and time to delivery in pregnant women","volume":"181","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1283-6","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain disorders: focus on Neuroinflammation","volume":"56","author":"Lima Giacobbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.035","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation by enema reduces intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412946","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/412946","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of clostridium butyricum against vascular dementia in mice via metabolic butyrate","volume":"2015","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5249675","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5249675","article-title":"Synaptic injury in the thalamus accompanies white matter injury in hypoxia\/ischemia-mediated brain injury in neonatal rats","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03103-5","article-title":"Multi-omics analyses of gut microbiota via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, LC-MS\/MS and diffusion tension imaging reveal aberrant microbiota-gut-brain axis in very low or extremely low birth weight infants with white matter injury","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041185","article-title":"Perinatal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain development, role in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"13","author":"Martinat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20200325","article-title":"The role of Klebsiella populations in preterm infants","volume":"51","author":"McCartney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2021.194691","article-title":"Aberrant gene expression induced by a high fat diet is linked to H3K9 acetylation in the promoter-proximal region","volume":"1864","author":"Morral","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1767818","article-title":"The brain-gut-microbiota axis in the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders","volume":"81","author":"Naufel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i33.4135","article-title":"Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome","volume":"16","author":"Nossa","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.214","article-title":"Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease","volume":"26","author":"Ogino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.041","article-title":"GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects","volume":"142","author":"Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023062922","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-062922","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation: information for the pediatrician","volume":"152","author":"Oliva-Hemker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.12.013","article-title":"Comparative effects of fresh and sterile fecal microbiota transplantation in an experimental animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"57","author":"Prado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020423","article-title":"Priming for life: early life nutrition and the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"13","author":"Ratsika","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2016.098","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation and the brain microbiota in neurological diseases","volume":"49","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1196-y","article-title":"A role for histone acetylation mechanisms in adolescent alcohol exposure-induced deficits in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neurogenesis markers in adulthood","volume":"221","author":"Sakharkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600240","article-title":"Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease","volume":"61","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.08.004","article-title":"Aberrant gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis development in premature neonates with brain damage","volume":"29","author":"Seki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200404106","article-title":"BDNF-induced recruitment of TrkB receptor into neuronal lipid rafts: roles in synaptic modulation","volume":"167","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.02.027","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta impairs brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced signal transduction","volume":"29","author":"Tong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000203","article-title":"Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in preterm infants","volume":"27","author":"Uauy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4547(19990115)55:2<>3.0.co;2-1","article-title":"Rat model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage","volume":"55","author":"Vannucci","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00098","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in neurological disorders","volume":"10","author":"Vendrik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2017.01.001","article-title":"How close are we to complete annotation of metabolomes?","volume":"36","author":"Viant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.057","article-title":"Postnatal sepsis, necrotizing entercolitis, and the critical role of systemic inflammation in white matter injury in premature infants","volume":"153","author":"Volpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00127","article-title":"Case-control study of the effects of gut microbiota composition on neurotransmitter metabolic pathways in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344125","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1344125","article-title":"Associations between gut microbiota and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47683-w","article-title":"Bacteroidetes inhibit microglia clearance of amyloid-beta and promote plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease mouse models","volume":"15","author":"Was\u00e9n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47683-w","article-title":"Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) exposures exert a sustained influence on the progression of gut microbiota and metabolome in the first year of life","volume":"11","author":"Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.7499\/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.04.014","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of oligodendrocyte precursor cells on white matter damage in preterm infants","volume":"20","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785644","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.785644","article-title":"Implications of gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690339","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.690339","article-title":"Evolution of intestinal microbiota of asphyxiated neonates within 1 week and its relationship with neural development at 6 months","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394886","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1394886","article-title":"Caffeine improves mitochondrial dysfunction in the white matter of neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia through deacetylation: a proteomic analysis of lysine acetylation","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9100","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1015-y","article-title":"Bacteroidetes neurotoxins and inflammatory neurodegeneration","volume":"55","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147014","article-title":"Histone hypoacetylation contributes to neurotoxicity induced by chronic nickel exposure in vivo and in vitro","volume":"783","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02556-6","article-title":"Early-life differences in the gut microbiota composition and functionality of infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder","volume":"13","author":"Zuffa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1711114\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:05:20Z","timestamp":1772723120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1711114\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1711114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1711114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"article-number":"1711114"}}