{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:54:53Z","timestamp":1776318893721,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, particularly worsened by the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigated the presence of extended-spectrum\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in wild birds (corvids and waterfowl) and in red foxes in Northern Italy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although the overall prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the present study was relatively low (2.0, 95% CI: 1.0\u20133.7%), its isolation from multiple wild species confirms the environmental circulation of this clinically relevant AMR bacterium in ecosystems not directly exposed to antibiotic pressure. In particular, the isolation of a carbapenemase-producing strain from a fox highlights the introduction of clinically significant carbapenemase genes into wildlife reservoirs. The phenotypic AMR profiles of\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates revealed a high prevalence of MDR strains that were largely confirmed by the genomic analysis.\n                      <jats:italic>In-silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      analyses of\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequencing data led to the identification of the most frequent resistance genes and the\n                      <jats:italic>in-silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      typing reveals the prevalence of the ST307 high-risk clone. Remarkably, wildlife could be considered a significant AMR sentinel, serving as carriers of MDR\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in different and even distant geographic areas. These findings underscore the importance of integrating wildlife surveillance to monitor the environmental spread of AMR within a One Health approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1716432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:24:53Z","timestamp":1776317093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wildlife as sentinel of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella spp. with genomic insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae in Northern Italy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Sampieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Bardasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, Unit of Food Safety, University of Parma","place":["Parma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna","place":["Parma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Dodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna","place":["Parma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Scaltriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna","place":["Parma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Galletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Massella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia-Romagna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, Unit of Food Safety, University of Parma","place":["Parma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Rega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, Unit of Food Safety, University of Parma","place":["Parma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Conter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, Unit of Food Safety, University of Parma","place":["Parma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091880","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and comparative genome analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in Egypt","volume":"9","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15091062","article-title":"Mapping antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from complicated urinary tract infections in Oman: phenotypic and genotypic insights","volume":"15","author":"AL Shizawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2312","article-title":"Call of the wild: antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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