{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T17:58:10Z","timestamp":1769450290870,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea government","award":["RS-2025-00559850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00559850"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    With mounting evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio campbellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    can act as a causative agent, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) represents a serious threat to global shrimp aquaculture. In this study, we present a comparative genomic analysis of 101\n                    <jats:italic>V. campbellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, including the recently isolated pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains,\n                    <jats:italic>V. campbellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    HJ-2023 and\n                    <jats:italic>V. campbellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    HJ-2023n, from the Republic of Korea. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the pathogenic strain harbors three plasmids and carries the canonical AHPND toxin genes\n                    <jats:italic>pirA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pirB<\/jats:italic>\n                    , along with an expanded repertoire of virulence and secretion system genes. Pan-genome and insertion sequence analyses showed that pathogenic strains tend to cluster based on shared mobile genetic elements, particularly transposases located near toxin genes, underscoring the role of horizontal gene transfer in virulence acquisition. Although all strains displayed a broad distribution of antibiotic-resistance genes, pathogenicity did not consistently correlate with their presence. Similarly, carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) profiles were largely conserved, although certain enzymes, such as chitinases, may contribute accessory functions in host invasion. Notably, the AHPND-associated\n                    <jats:italic>V. campbellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    HJ-2023 strain contained multiple copies of key\n                    <jats:italic>T6SS<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T1SS<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, suggesting an increased potential for toxin delivery. These findings suggest that pathogenic potential in\n                    <jats:italic>V. campbellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    likely arises not only from the presence of toxins but also from the complex interplay of mobile elements, secretion systems, and genomic architecture. This study provides an essential genomic framework for understanding the emergence of AHPND in\n                    <jats:italic>V. campbellii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and offers insights to enhance molecular diagnostics, strengthen biosecurity, and improve disease control strategies in shrimp aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1724818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1769411358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-based characterization of AHPND and non-AHPND Vibrio campbellii isolates from Republic of Korea"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"So-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeju Regional Office, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service","place":["Jeju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seonhyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergent Biotechnology and Advanced Materials Science, Kyung Hee University","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Kyung Hee University","place":["Yongin, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Soung","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Kongju National University","place":["Gongju, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue Jai","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Fisheries Science Institute, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Chul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Fisheries Science Institute, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741649","article-title":"Integrated overview on status, diagnosis and disease management of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp aquaculture through metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) application\u2014a review","volume":"595","author":"Abu Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11363-1","article-title":"Multiple Streptomyces species with distinct secondary metabolomes have identical 16S rRNA gene sequences","volume":"7","author":"Antony-Babu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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