{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:00:19Z","timestamp":1789196419827,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Most urinary tract infections in all populations are caused by gram -negative, facultative anaerobic, uropathogenic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (UPEC). Multidrug resistance (MDR) to first line antibiotics recommended for treatment of UTI is a global health problem. The misuse of antimicrobial agents for UTI treatment can lead to selection of bacterial MDR, able to transfer mechanism of resistance through mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as transposons, integrons and conjugative plasmids. This study aims to characterize MLST, virulence and resistance genes to quinolones and \u03b2-lactams of UPEC samples isolated from UTI in community.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n strains were isolated from urine samples from June 2016 to June 2018. The identification and bacterial susceptibility were realized by automated VITEK\n \u24c7<\/jats:sup>\n 2 system. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) was performed to assess genetic similarity. The DNA was used to construct a paired-end library, which was sequenced using the NextSeq platform (Illumina). Genome assemblies was performed by the CLC Genomics Workblench version 7.0. Multilocus sequence type (MLST), resistome and virulome were identified using bioinformatics tools available from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n This study analyzed 54\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones and\/or producing ESBLs. High resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (100%), nalidixic acid (96.6%), ceftriaxone (83.3%), cefepime (81.5%), ciprofloxacin (81.5%), norfloxacin (81.5%), sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim (75.9%), and nitrofurantoin (71.9%). Genomic analysis revealed 25 sequence types (STs), with ST131 being most prevalent (22.2%), and 29 serotypes, notably O25:H4 (16.7%). Furthermore, it also showed \u03b2-lactam resistance genes including\n blaCTX-M<\/jats:italic>\n (77.8%), mainly\n blaCTX-M-15<\/jats:italic>\n (25.9%), and others like\n blaTEM-1B<\/jats:italic>\n and\n blaOXA-1<\/jats:italic>\n . Mutations in\n gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n (S83L, D87N) and\n parC<\/jats:italic>\n (S80I) were common (98.1%), along with plasmid-mediated resistance (PMQR), such as\n aac(6\u2019)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n (13%). Virulence genes commonly linked to UTIs were detected, with\n iss<\/jats:italic>\n (72.2%) being the most frequent. Most isolates had up to three virulence genes. Plasmids were detected in nearly all isolates, especially\n IncF<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n This study reveals the widespread circulation of high-risk, multidrug-resistant UPEC clones in community-acquired UTIs, particularly those belonging to the globally disseminated ST131 lineage. The frequent coexistence of resistance determinants, virulence factors, and IncF plasmids highlights the adaptive success of these strains and their potential for sustained dissemination. These findings emphasize the need for continuous genomic surveillance, rational antimicrobial use, and region-specific treatment guidelines to mitigate the impact of MDR UPEC in the community.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1730332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T06:41:28Z","timestamp":1769496088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli in community: molecular analyses of resistance genes, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility test"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zuleica Naomi","family":"Tano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Gabriel","family":"Soncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Lumi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Silva","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Olimpio Siqueira","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Julia On\u00e7a","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alanis Cassamassimo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Katsuko Takayama","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilton","family":"Lincopan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Butant\u00e3, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wander Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Pavanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana Carolina","family":"Vespero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"106610","article-title":"Detection of mutations in gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical Enterobacterales: a multicenter study","volume":"60","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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