{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:57:48Z","timestamp":1790344668214,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"U. S. Department of Agriculture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Associations between hosts and their microbial symbionts are considered mutualistic when both partners benefit. While the advantages received by eukaryotic hosts from association with bacterial symbionts are frequently examined, benefits to the bacteria are rarely experimentally tested. Here, we consider whether the bug-\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    symbiosis is truly mutualistic by measuring the effect of a leaffooted bug (\n                    <jats:italic>Leptoglossus phyllopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) on the abundance of its horizontally acquired symbiont,\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia grimmiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We predicted that the free-living\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    population would increase over time in the presence of its insect partner. We quantified\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    titer in soil microcosms (i) at different bug densities, and (ii) in the presence and absence of\n                    <jats:italic>L. phyllopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    over time. As bug density increased, the soil\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    population also increased. Insect presence resulted in a marginally higher\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    titer over time. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    titer tended to be higher in wetter soil, though this correlation should be verified by follow-up work. These results suggests that the relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>Caballeronia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>L. phyllopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is likely mutualistic and add to a small but growing body of literature that has quantified the effects of eukaryotic hosts on their bacterial partners.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1737071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:10:08Z","timestamp":1780920608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Leaffooted bugs enrich local soil with their horizontally acquired symbiont"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bibek Singh","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington","place":["Arlington, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Teodosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington","place":["Arlington, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ravenscraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington","place":["Arlington, TX, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719112","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.719112","article-title":"The importance of environmentally acquired bacterial symbionts for the squash bug (Anasa tristis), a significant agricultural Pest","volume":"12","author":"Acevedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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