{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T07:09:14Z","timestamp":1773644954866,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During primary production, unpasteurized milk may be responsible for the transmission of several foodborne and zoonotic pathogens. Among these, viruses represent a public health concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 383 raw caprine milk samples were collected from goats farmed at 6 sites (F1\u2013F6) located in the L\u2019Aquila Province (Abruzzo Region, Italy). Molecular assays, including real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were performed to detect the RNA sequences of astrovirus (AstV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), norovirus genogroups I and II (NoV-GI and NoV-GII), and rotavirus (RV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed that 15.40% (59\/383) of samples were positive for at least one pathogen, and 3.39% (13\/383) co-detected AstV, HEV, and\/or NoV-GI, with the highest frequency in samples collected from goats farmed at F5 and F6. Among the viruses investigated, HEV RNA was detected in samples from all farms, representing 7.57% (29\/383), followed by AstV at 6.00% (23\/383) and NoV-GI at 5.74% (22\/383).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the majority of the viruses have been detected in faecal samples in previous studies, this study provides original data on their presence in unpasteurized caprine milk in Italy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1739370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T06:36:37Z","timestamp":1773642997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Viral RNA detections of enteric pathogens from caprine raw milk in Central Italy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Ferri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection \u201cG. Tiecco\u201d, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Astolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection \u201cG. Tiecco\u201d, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filiberto","family":"Malatesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Health Veterinarian Consulting","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Pennisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection \u201cG. Tiecco\u201d, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo","place":["Teramo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection \u201cG. 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