{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T20:19:02Z","timestamp":1776802742077,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) causes acute fatal hepatitis in ducklings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared host transcriptomic responses in duck livers following infection with virulent (HB) or attenuated (HB80) strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed that the virulent HB strain induced 2,355 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 2 days post-infection (dpi), compared to only 322 DEGs triggered by the attenuated HB80 strain. Functional analysis showed that the HB strain robustly activated immune pathways, particularly Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling, leading to a potent type I interferon (IFN-I) response and marked chemokine upregulation. In contrast, the HB80 strain elicited a markedly milder immune reaction. Among the DEGs, 77 immune-related genes were identified, with significant enrichment in the IFN-I signaling pathway, suggesting their critical role in initiating an interferon storm and subsequent chemokine upregulation. Selected key genes (IFN-\u03b12, RSAD2, RIG-I, MDA5, TBK1, TLR7) were validated by RT-qPCR and ELISA for targeted protein confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings delineate divergent host transcriptomic responses to virulent vs. attenuated DHAV-3 and highlight IFN-I signaling as a central axis in antiviral immunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1740464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T06:48:58Z","timestamp":1770187738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of ducks liver gene expressions infected with virulent or attenuated DHAV-3 reveals divergent host responses to viruses of different virulence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qiuling","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhe","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingliang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine of China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Present (Fuzhou) Biotech Co., Ltd.","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longfei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine of China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fujian Industry Technology Innovation Research Academy of Livestock and Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref9004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568565","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.568565","article-title":"Dynamic transcriptome reveals the mechanism of liver injury caused by DHAV-3 infection in pekin duck","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front 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