{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:17:22Z","timestamp":1781885842610,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research hinted at the importance of postoperative gut dysbiosis prevention, but the mechanisms remained unclear, posing a challenge for prevention and therapy. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of postoperative dysbiosis and the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical cohort investigated the perioperative change of gut microbiota in patients undergoing thoracoscopy and its relationship with peripheral inflammatory indicators. Gut microbiome was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Bugbase phenotype analysis. In the laboratory study, a mouse model of surgery\/anesthesia stress was established to further investigate the potentially underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microbiome analysis revealed a decrease in alpha diversity and a shift from obligate anaerobes to aerobes\/facultative anaerobes after thoracoscopy. Postoperative IL-1\u03b2 was negatively correlated with obligate anaerobe abundance and positively correlated with facultative anaerobe abundance. Higher facultative anaerobe abundance was associated with increased risk of postoperative complications and longer hospital stays. In the mouse model, surgery and rIL-1\u03b2 intervention mirrored the oxygen phenotype changes in clinical cohort, and the colonic epithelium exhibited decreased ATP levels and hypoxic staining scores, with increased lactic acid. Downregulating postoperative IL-1\u03b2 with IL-1\u03b2 siRNA mitigated colonic hypoxic environment impairment and gut microbiota oxygen phenotype changes induced by surgery\/anesthesia stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative gut dysbiosis involves a phenotypic shift of the gut microbiota from anaerobes toward aerobes and facultative anaerobes. This shift may be driven by an IL-1\u03b2\u2013colonic epithelial oxygen metabolism\u2013colonic oxygen environment\u2013gut microbiota regulatory axis, offering potential insights for early risk stratification of severe postoperative complications and strategies to improve postoperative recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1744636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:44:01Z","timestamp":1774248241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elevated postoperative IL-1\u03b2 induces disorder of intestinal microenvironment and alteration of gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wanyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Day Surgery Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00467","article-title":"Marked changes in gut microbiota in cardio-surgical intensive care patients: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Aardema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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