{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:45:04Z","timestamp":1773312304627,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The cysteine desulfurase (IscS) is a core component of the ISC iron\u2013sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly system in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Deficiency of IscS leads to serious growth defects in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , along with reduced activity of Fe-S cluster-dependent enzymes. We previously demonstrated that the growth defect of IscS-deficient\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is completely restored by H\u2082S exposure, but the underlying molecular mechanism was not fully understood. Here, based on proteomic analysis, we identified 19 up-regulated Fe-S proteins in the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant upon H\u2082S exposure, 13 of which are involved with energy metabolism. Correspondingly, H\u2082S exposure also enhanced the activity of Fe-S enzymes in the mutant. Metabolomic analysis revealed a remarkable increase in the levels of the energy metabolites NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , succinate, and leucine. These results implied that H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S could restore cell proliferation and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis by compensating for the functional loss of IscS. We also constructed a series of mutants, each lacking a single component of the ISC assembly system. A key observation was that the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>iscU<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant, deficient in the Fe-S cluster scaffold protein IscU, failed to have its growth defect rescued by H\u2082S exposure. These findings indicated that H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S promotes Fe-S cluster biosynthesis on IscU, ruling out direct assembly on apoproteins. Moreover, Na\u2082S supplementation during recombinant expression of aconitase B in the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant significantly increased its Fe-S cluster abundance and enzymatic activity. We also demonstrated that, unlike the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant, deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>sufS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which encodes the cysteine desulfurase of the SUF Fe-S cluster biogenesis system, did not significantly impair bacterial growth, and the resulting mutant\u2019s proliferation was not affected by H\u2082S exposure. Our study elucidates the mechanism by which H\u2082S exposure rescues the proliferation impairment of the\n                    <jats:italic>\u0394iscS<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant. Specifically, we demonstrate that H\u2082S functions as a sulfur donor for Fe-S cluster assembly, thereby compensating for the biosynthetic deficit.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1759970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:18:12Z","timestamp":1773245892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide acts as a sulfur source for iron sulfur cluster biosynthesis in cysteine desulfurase-deficient Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanya","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haisheng","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanxiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhilong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weining","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122359","article-title":"The Sulfide-responsive SqrR\/BigR homologous regulator YgaV of Escherichia coli controls expression of anaerobic respiratory genes and antibiotic tolerance","volume":"11","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0361112","article-title":"Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis","volume":"36","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. 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