{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:51:55Z","timestamp":1792821115474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is frequently complicated by intestinal barrier disruption, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammation. Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbial metabolic disturbances, particularly altered short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), may contribute to epithelial injury, yet the mechanistic links between microbial metabolites and host inflammatory signaling remain insufficiently defined. We therefore investigated whether\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                      LP18 protects against SAP-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction by reshaping gut metabolism, restoring butyrate availability, and attenuating NF-\u03baB activation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mouse model of SAP was established and animals received LP18 intervention. Intestinal injury and barrier integrity were evaluated by histopathology, tight junction protein assessment, and inflammatory cytokine measurements. Metabolic alterations were profiled using untargeted metabolomics and targeted quantification of SCFAs was performed. NF-\u03baB signaling was assessed by measuring p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Correlation analyses were conducted to relate SCFA levels to barrier markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SAP induced pronounced epithelial injury, including villus atrophy, Tight junction disruption, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and robust NF-\u03baB activation. Untargeted metabolomics revealed extensive metabolic perturbations, with significant changes in butanoate metabolism and lipid-associated pathways. LP18 administration partially reversed these abnormalities and shifted the metabolomic profile toward a mucosa-protective signature. Targeted SCFA analysis showed marked butyrate depletion in SAP mice, whereas LP18 significantly increased butyrate levels and partially normalized acetate and propionate. Higher butyrate concentrations correlated with improved intestinal integrity and reduced inflammatory response. Mechanistically, LP18 suppressed inflammatory signaling by inhibiting p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, consistent with attenuated NF-\u03baB pathway activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic>\n                      LP18 attenuates SAP-associated intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction, primarily through modulation of gut microbial composition, restoration of butyrate-associated metabolic profiles, and suppression of NF-\u03baB-related inflammatory signaling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1765127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:24:26Z","timestamp":1770881066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lactobacillus paracasei LP18 ameliorated inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe acute pancreatitis via gut microbiota-mediated regulation of butyrate metabolism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jianliang","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resuscitation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anran","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resuscitation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Translational Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tangjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resuscitation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinya","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resuscitation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resuscitation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuepeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center for Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resuscitation","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Translational Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2022.11.011","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis is characterized by generalized intestinal barrier dysfunction in early stage","volume":"23","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2430424","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2430424","article-title":"Butyrate reduces epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by the foodborne mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in cell monolayers derived from pig jejunum organoids","volume":"16","author":"Alberge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.002","article-title":"The intestinal epithelium: central coordinator of mucosal immunity","volume":"39","author":"Allaire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332236","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332236","article-title":"Response to: short-chain fatty acids in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: friend or foe?","volume":"73","author":"Ammer-Herrmenau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2024.104912","article-title":"Sodium butyrate prevents lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation and restores the expression of tight junction protein in human epithelial Caco-2 cells","volume":"408","author":"Bakshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19820","article-title":"Quality characteristics of yogurts fermented with short-chain fatty acid-producing probiotics and their effects on mucin production and probiotic adhesion onto human colon epithelial cells","volume":"104","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112450","article-title":"Inhibition of aquaporin-9 ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury by NLRP3 and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52398-z","article-title":"GV-971 prevents severe acute pancreatitis by remodeling the microbiota-metabolic-immune axis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E107","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001304","article-title":"Gut barrier dysfunction induced by aggressive fluid resuscitation in severe acute pancreatitis is alleviated by necroptosis inhibition in rats","volume":"52","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.01.009","article-title":"Diazoxide reduces local and remote organ damage in a rat model of intestinal ischemia reperfusion","volume":"225","author":"Dourado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00231","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00231-15","article-title":"Functional dynamics of the gut microbiome in elderly people during probiotic consumption","volume":"6","author":"Eloe-Fadrosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993582","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1993582","article-title":"Inulin-grown Faecalibacterium prausnitzii cross-feeds fructose to the human intestinal epithelium","volume":"13","author":"Fagundes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.05.028","article-title":"In vitro models replicating the human intestinal epithelium for absorption and metabolism studies: a systematic review","volume":"335","author":"Fedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Rel."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0199322","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01993-22","article-title":"Microbial metabolites orchestrate a distinct multi-tiered regulatory network in the intestinal epithelium that directs P-glycoprotein expression","volume":"13","author":"Foley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28332","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28332","article-title":"Doses Lactobacillus reuteri depend on adhesive ability to modulate the intestinal immune response and metabolism in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658354","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.658354","article-title":"Impact of bacterial metabolites on gut barrier function and host immunity: a focus on bacterial metabolism and its relevance for intestinal inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Gasaly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-00992-2","article-title":"Histone butyrylation in the mouse intestine is mediated by the microbiota and associated with regulation of gene expression","volume":"6","author":"Gates","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metabol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327448","article-title":"Activated regulatory T-cells promote duodenal bacterial translocation into necrotic areas in severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"72","author":"Glaubitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24489","article-title":"A single-cell survey of the small intestinal epithelium","volume":"551","author":"Haber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5796","article-title":"Early weaning increases intestinal permeability, alters expression of cytokine and tight junction proteins, and activates mitogen-activated protein kinases in pigs","volume":"91","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33678","article-title":"Washed microbiota transplantation via colonic transendoscopic enteral tube rescues severe acute pancreatitis: A case series","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22174","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101371R","article-title":"Colonic interleukin-22 protects intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota abundance in severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"36","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10798-7","article-title":"Restoration of the mucosal barrier by Lactobacillus gasseri HDS0266 and Enterococcus faecium HDS0288 in dextran sodium sulfate and clostridioides difficile-induced colitis mice.","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000001053","article-title":"Immune markers of severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-024-10686-9","article-title":"Albiflorin alleviates severe acute pancreatitis-associated liver injury by inactivating P38MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436949","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2436949","article-title":"Dietary inulin ameliorates obesity-induced severe acute pancreatitis via gut-pancreas axis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113632","article-title":"The efficacy and active compounds of Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue granule to Ameliorate intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing the HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"144","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-1289-4","article-title":"Surface components and metabolites of probiotics for regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbial Cell Factor."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.110139","article-title":"Sodium butyrate improves cognitive dysfunction in high-fat diet\/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice by ameliorating hippocampal mitochondrial damage through regulating AMPK\/PGC-1\u03b1 pathway","volume":"261","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570052","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202570052","article-title":"Sodium butyrate-loaded microspheres with enhanced bioavailability for targeted treatment of intestinal barrier injury","volume":"14","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2024.11445","article-title":"FMT reduces systemic inflammatory response in severe acute pancreatitis by increasing the abundance of intestinal Bifidobacteria and fecal bacteria","volume":"25","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomol. Biomed."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990827","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1990827","article-title":"Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Markandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00581-5","article-title":"Pretreatment with chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate experimental severe acute pancreatitis via inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating intestinal homeostasis","volume":"42","author":"Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073433","article-title":"Exploring the role of gut microbiota and probiotics in acute pancreatitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Nista","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15135","article-title":"Butyrate administration strengthens the intestinal epithelium and improves intestinal dysbiosis in a cholestasis fibrosis model","volume":"132","author":"Pe\u00f1a-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24400","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04456","article-title":"Butyrate inhibits the HDAC8\/NF-\u03baB pathway to enhance Slc26a3 expression and improve the intestinal epithelial barrier to relieve colitis","volume":"72","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12234216","article-title":"Modulation of designed gut bacterial communities by prebiotics and the impact of their metabolites on intestinal cells","volume":"12","author":"Roupar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071775","article-title":"Butyrate and the intestinal epithelium: modulation of proliferation and inflammation in homeostasis and disease","volume":"10","author":"Salvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.70109","article-title":"Postbiotic from Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits ferroptosis in intestinal stem cells via microbiota-AhR axis to mitigate colitis","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Front"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8282","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i45.8282","article-title":"Overexpressed miRNA-155 dysregulates intestinal epithelial apical junctional complex in severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"19","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"W. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109123","article-title":"Salidroside alleviates severe acute pancreatitis-triggered pancreatic injury and inflammation by regulating miR-217-5p\/YAF2 axis","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00652-6","article-title":"Intestinal microflora and metabolites affect the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP)","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Pathogens"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913178","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.913178","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota\u2014an unmissable bridge to severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106321","article-title":"The gut-lung axis in severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury: the protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24033033","article-title":"Identification of key biomarkers associated with immunogenic cell death and their regulatory mechanisms in severe acute pancreatitis based on WGCNA and machine learning","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204427","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204427","article-title":"Ketogenic diet exacerbates L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and reveals the therapeutic potential of butyrate","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516855","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1516855","article-title":"Understanding the effects of metabolites on the gut microbiome and severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"2021","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117873","article-title":"Free total rhubarb anthraquinones protect intestinal mucosal barrier of SAP rats via inhibiting the NLRP3\/caspase-1\/GSDMD pyroptotic pathway","volume":"326","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02962-6","article-title":"Zerumbone ameliorates the inflammatory response and organ damage in severe acute pancreatitis via the ROS\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.105727","article-title":"Enhancing butyrate synthesis and intestinal epithelial energy supply through mixed probiotic intervention in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111698","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111698","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide modulates the gut microbiota and metabolites of patients with type 2 diabetes in an in vitro fermentation model","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70707","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70707","article-title":"Disulfiram protects against multiorgan injuries and cell pyroptosis via inhibiting GSDMD in severe acute pancreatitis mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0011625","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00116-25","article-title":"Multi-level regulation of hindgut homeostasis by volatile fatty acid administration in dairy goats: linking microbial metabolism to epithelial inflammation and barrier function","volume":"10","author":"Zhen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Msystems"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129925","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01299-25","article-title":"Rifaximin reduces gut-derived inflammation in severe acute pancreatitis: an experimental animal model and randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spect."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1765127\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:24:28Z","timestamp":1770881068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1765127\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1765127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1765127","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"article-number":"1765127"}}