{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:07:53Z","timestamp":1788876473798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n This study characterized a newly identified ST3672-type\n Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n ) strain (VP1434), isolated directly from a patient involved in a food poisoning outbreak, highlighting its rare multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. The objectives were to investigate its resistance mechanisms, elucidate its evolutionary relationships, and assess its pathogenicity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The VP1434 isolate was analyzed as follows: (1) Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against 29 antibiotics, and plasmid conjugation experiments verified drug resistance in recipient strains post-transfer. (2) Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize its genomic features, including plasmid sequences and inter-plasmid relationships. (3) Evolutionary tracing of VP1434 and the plasmid pVP1434-NDM was performed by constructing phylogenetic trees. (4) Virulence factors (VFs) were identified via the Virulence Factor Database, and pathogenicity was assessed through mouse infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The strain demonstrated a concerning MDR profile, exhibiting resistance to all tested\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -lactam antibiotics. Additionally, it displayed resistance to sulfonamides and aminoglycosides, with intermediate susceptibility to tetracyclines. Plasmid conjugation experiments showed the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n -harboring plasmid was transferable to VP0577, and transconjugants also showed MDR. Whole-genome sequencing identified a\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n -carrying plasmid harboring multiple resistance genes, which fully explaining its phenotypic resistance to at least four classes of antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis placed VP1434 on a distinct branch within the maximum-likelihood tree constructed from global\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n isolates, while the closest relative of the\n \n bla\n NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n -harboring plasmid was identified in a shrimp-derived\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n strain. VP1434 was found to harbor 185 VFs, including\n tlh<\/jats:italic>\n and\n trh<\/jats:italic>\n , but lacked the key pathogenicity determinant\n tdh<\/jats:italic>\n . In mouse infection experiments, strain VP1434 (\n \n tdh\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n \/trh\n +<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) exhibited significantly higher lethality than environmental isolates (\n \n tdh\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n \/trh\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ), suggesting TRH plays a significant role in pathogenicity even in the absence of TDH.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This first report of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n -positive clinical\n V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n reveals plasmid-mediated MDR emergence in human infections. Its unexpected virulence without classical toxins indicates evolutionary adaptation, necessitating diagnostic updates and strengthened surveillance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1767946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:52:58Z","timestamp":1776837178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical emergence of a novel sequence type (ST3672) NDM-1-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in foodborne disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chengpei","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Infection, Chinese Academy of Science","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wengting","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2299949","article-title":"Targeted phytogenic compounds against Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms","volume":"65","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. 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