{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:58:41Z","timestamp":1792684721085,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesize current evidence on the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis (BGMA), its perturbation by external factors, and its clinical implications for neurodegenerative, psychiatric, metabolic, and gastrointestinal disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Narrative review integrating preclinical and clinical evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library searches (2000\u20132023) using keywords: \u201cbrain-gut-axis,\u201d \u201cmicrobiota,\u201d \u201cdysbiosis,\u201d \u201cneuroinflammation,\u201d \u201cSCFAs,\u201d \u201cneurodegeneration,\u201d \u201cpsychobiotics.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diet, stress, antibiotics, and environment significantly alter gut microbiota composition (e.g., reducing diversity, shifting Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes (F\/B) ratio). Dysbiosis disrupts BGMA communication via: (1) Neural pathways (vagus nerve modulation); (2) Immune activation (cytokine release, neuroinflammation); (3) Microbial metabolites (SCFAs, tryptophan derivatives, TMAO). These disruptions are associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (reduced\n                      <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , amyloid deposition), Parkinson\u2019s (elevated TMAO,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -synuclein aggregation), and depression (altered serotonin synthesis), though causality remains to be established in human studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BGMA is a critical mediator of systemic health. Dysbiosis contributes to disease pathogenesis through defined neural, immune, and metabolic pathways. Targeting the microbiota offers novel therapeutic strategies. Future research must prioritize translational studies validating microbial biomarkers and interventions in human cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1768891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:40:20Z","timestamp":1774593620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Brain-gut-microbiota axis: a review on the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms between gut microbiota and brain and their disease interactions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]},{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]},{"name":"College of Health-Preservation and Wellness, Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]},{"name":"Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]},{"name":"Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Kai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University","place":["Dalian, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606289","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1606289","article-title":"The role of plant-based dietary compounds in gut microbiota modulation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Akanyibah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e939","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.191","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum 1714 as a translational psychobiotic: modulation of stress, electrophysiology and neurocognition in healthy volunteers","volume":"6","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081121","article-title":"Intricacies of the molecular machinery of catecholamine biosynthesis and secretion by chromaffin cells of the normal adrenal medulla and in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"11","author":"Berends","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020995","article-title":"Chronic constipation","volume":"349","author":"Brisinda","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. med."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06871-8","article-title":"Gut microbiota variations in depression and anxiety: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13965","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the microbiota impairs gut neuromuscular function in juvenile mice","volume":"174","author":"Caputi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"203","article-title":"The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems","volume":"28","author":"Carabotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-00468","article-title":"Understanding activity of butyrate at a cellular level","volume":"20","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.161874","article-title":"Gastric vagal afferent signaling to the basolateral amygdala mediates anxiety-like behaviors in experimental colitis mice","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106320","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020106320","article-title":"Gut inflammation triggers c\/ebp\u03b2\/\u03b4-secretase-dependent gut-to-brain propagation of a\u03b2 and tau fibrils in alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322486","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1322486","article-title":"Treatments and regulatory mechanisms of acoustic stimuli on mood disorders and neurological diseases","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062099","article-title":"Regulation of neurotransmitters by the gut microbiota and effects on cognition in neurological disorders","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabq4573","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq4573","article-title":"Microbial energy metabolism fuels an intestinal macrophage niche in solitary isolated lymphoid tissues through purinergic signaling","volume":"8","author":"Chiaranunt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000097107","article-title":"Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly","volume":"108","author":"Claesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11319","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly","volume":"488","author":"Claesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346","article-title":"Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Cryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01746-0","article-title":"Perturbation and resilience of the gut microbiome up to 3 months after \u03b2-lactams exposure in healthy volunteers suggest an important role of microbial \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"12","author":"d\u2019Humi\u00e8res","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005963107","article-title":"Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa","volume":"107","author":"De Filippo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.57","article-title":"The migrating motor complex: control mechanisms and its role in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Deloose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6458","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720017115","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates maturation of the adult enteric nervous system via enteric serotonin networks","volume":"115","author":"De Vadder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.03.007","article-title":"Regulation of the stress response by the gut microbiota: implications for psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"37","author":"Dinan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70986-z","article-title":"Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a key member of the human gut microbiota in the production of gaba","volume":"10","author":"Duranti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010119","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation reduces pathology and improves cognition in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Elangovan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219451110","article-title":"Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity","volume":"110","author":"Everard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.06.005","article-title":"Mother-to-infant microbial transmission from different body sites shapes the developing infant gut microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Ferretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00694.x","article-title":"Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical stress response","volume":"6","author":"Herman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01181-z","article-title":"Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine n-oxide","volume":"9","author":"Hoyles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"104","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1670","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae973","article-title":"Generic Diagramming Platform (GDP): a comprehensive database of high-quality biomedical graphics","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70103","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.70103","article-title":"Association of RDOC dimensions with post-mortem brain transcriptional profiles in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091580","article-title":"Unraveling MASLD: the role of gut microbiota, dietary modulation, and AI-driven lifestyle interventions","volume":"17","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020389","article-title":"Gut-brain-microbiota axis: antibiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"13","author":"Karakan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0963-8","article-title":"Microbiome and health implications for ethnic minorities after enforced lifestyle changes","volume":"26","author":"Keohane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Statpearls","author":"Khalil","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12080770","article-title":"The provit study-effects of multispecies probiotic add-on treatment on metabolomics in major depressive disorder-a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meta"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18259-0","article-title":"Scfas strongly stimulate pyy production in human enteroendocrine cells","volume":"8","author":"Larraufie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.316448","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote poststroke recovery in aged mice","volume":"127","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a","article-title":"Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity","volume":"444","author":"Ley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1039\/d5fo01850a","article-title":"Precision probiotic development based on gut microbial biomarkers: from mechanistic insights to clinical translation","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5026","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02073-3","article-title":"Gut microbiota and dysbiosis in alzheimer's disease: implications for pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00903-7","article-title":"Regulation of serotonin production by specific microbes from piglet gut","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14049","article-title":"Antidepression of xingpijieyu formula targets gut microbiota derived from depressive disorder","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7080271","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in intestinal inflammation with respect to diet and extrinsic stressors","volume":"7","author":"Lobionda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01743-1","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Loh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110111","article-title":"Major depressive disorder and gut microbiota - association not causation. A scoping review","volume":"106","author":"\u0141oniewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03287.x","article-title":"Microbial biofilms in the human gastrointestinal tract","volume":"102","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2021.100294","article-title":"Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms possibly via modulating the neuroactive potential of the gut microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.105","article-title":"Serotonin signalling in the gut--functions, dysfunctions and therapeutic targets","volume":"10","author":"Mawe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00036","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00036-17","article-title":"The first microbial colonizers of the human gut: composition, activities, and health implications of the infant gut microbiota","volume":"81","author":"Milani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042930","article-title":"The role of microbial amino acid metabolism in host metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Neis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114153","article-title":"Prebiotics modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ameliorate anxiety and depression-like behavior in hfd-fed mice","volume":"182","author":"Paiva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060948","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulation through mediterranean diet foods: implications for human health","volume":"17","author":"Perrone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.016","article-title":"The microbiome for clinicians","volume":"188","author":"Porcari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2024.127858","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulates neurotransmitter and gut-brain signaling","volume":"287","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903570","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.903570","article-title":"The gut microbiota (microbiome) in cardiovascular disease and its therapeutic regulation","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.22037\/ghfbb.v15i4.2600","article-title":"The ketogenic diet: its impact on human gut microbiota and potential consequent health outcomes: a systematic literature review","volume":"15","author":"Rew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Bed Bench"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003053","article-title":"Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"17","author":"Reynolds","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014","article-title":"What is the healthy gut microbiota composition? A changing ecosystem across age, environment, diet, and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Rinninella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1017\/gmb.2023.16","article-title":"The gut microbiome in children with mood, anxiety, and neurodevelopmental disorders: an umbrella review","volume":"4","author":"Romano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbiome"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01108-6","article-title":"Feeding gut microbes to nourish the brain: unravelling the diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"6","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4654","article-title":"Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers","volume":"5","author":"Schnorr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G306","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00039.2024","article-title":"Alterations in gastrointestinal motility assessed by high-resolution antroduodenal manometry in patients with severe disorders of gut-brain interaction","volume":"327","author":"Soliman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0307-3","article-title":"Gaba-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Strandwitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00504","article-title":"Biogenic amines: signals between commensal microbiota and gut physiology","volume":"10","author":"Sudo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.063388","article-title":"Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice","volume":"558","author":"Sudo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2039-9","article-title":"Feeding-dependent vip neuron-ilc3 circuit regulates the intestinal barrier","volume":"579","author":"Talbot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114621","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced gut microbe dysbiosis alters neurobehavior in mice through modulation of BDNF and gut integrity","volume":"283","author":"Thabet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.116848","article-title":"Enhancement of bioaccessibility and modulation of green tea phenolic compounds through pre-transformation by lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains","volume":"217","author":"Tkacz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0337-x","article-title":"The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression","volume":"4","author":"Valles-Colomer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276431","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: microbial metabolites that alleviate stress-induced brain-gut axis alterations","volume":"596","author":"van de Wouw","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.10.029","article-title":"Us immigration westernizes the human gut microbiome","volume":"175","author":"Vangay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-333378","article-title":"What defines a healthy gut microbiome?","volume":"73","author":"Van Hul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703218","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.703218","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in intestinal and liver function, inflammation, and carcinogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Visekruna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22999","article-title":"Interplay between bile acids and the gut microbiota promotes intestinal carcinogenesis","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-019-0216-x","article-title":"Sodium oligomannate therapeutically remodels gut microbiota and suppresses gut bacterial amino acids-shaped neuroinflammation to inhibit alzheimer's disease progression","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00795-7","article-title":"A 36-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 clinical trial of sodium oligomannate for mild-to-moderate alzheimer's dementia","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18262-6","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.047","article-title":"Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis","volume":"161","author":"Yano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.11.011","article-title":"Enteroendocrine cells sense bacterial tryptophan catabolites to activate enteric and vagal neuronal pathways","volume":"29","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref9003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656969","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1656969","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in alleviating depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00645-7","article-title":"Gut microbiota drives macrophage-dependent self-renewal of intestinal stem cells via niche enteric serotonergic neurons","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Res."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1927901","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1768891\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:15:28Z","timestamp":1784736928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1768891\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1768891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1768891","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"article-number":"1768891"}}