{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:53:21Z","timestamp":1789512801789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Salmonellosis, a predominant food-borne gastroenteric disease, presents a substantial and escalating threat to global public health, largely attributable to infections by non-typhoidal\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovars such as\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar\n                    <jats:italic>Typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. Typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar\n                    <jats:italic>Enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. Enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The conventional reliance on antimicrobial agents for treating salmonellosis is increasingly compromised by the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, necessitating an urgent shift toward alternative therapeutic strategies. In recent years, biological therapies, including bacteriophages, probiotics, vaccines and their synergistic combinations, have demonstrated considerable promise. Advances in antibacterial research highlight the potential of biotherapies to offer high efficacy with minimal side effects. This review consolidates the most current information on the methodologies, mechanisms of action, functional benefits, and clinical research progress of these biological treatments in combating zoonotic salmonellosis. We delve into recent innovations such as engineered phages and probiotics, postbiotics, novel vaccine platforms including mRNA and nanoparticle-based delivery systems, and the development of multivalent vaccines. Furthermore, the importance of the One Health perspective in controlling salmonellosis and the translational challenges, including regulatory and commercialization hurdles, are discussed. It is anticipated that biotherapies, particularly engineered and combination approaches, hold significant potential for addressing the challenge of MDR bacteria and safeguarding public and animal health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1769519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T06:34:39Z","timestamp":1771310079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biological treatments for zoonotic salmonellosis: an evolving therapeutic landscape"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sushan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery at Chengdu Medical College of Sichuan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Vincent Mary School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Assumption University of Thailand","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery at Chengdu Medical College of Sichuan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery at Chengdu Medical College of Sichuan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]},{"name":"Vincent Mary School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Assumption University of Thailand","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery at Chengdu Medical College of Sichuan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengxiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University","place":["Xining, Qinghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery at Chengdu Medical College of Sichuan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, ShaoXing People\u2019s Hospital, ShaoXing Hospital, ZheJiang University School of Medicine","place":["Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery at Chengdu Medical College of Sichuan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College","place":["Chengdu, Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040912","article-title":"The lytic activity of bacteriophage ZCSE9 against Salmonella enterica and its synergistic effects with kanamycin","volume":"15","author":"Abdelsattar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101535","article-title":"Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 strain: probiotic properties and 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