{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:18:52Z","timestamp":1778221132567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Zinc ion (Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) is essential bioactive constituent in food and plays a multifaceted role in modulating antiviral activities against various viruses including retroviruses, picornaviruses, herpesviruses, coronaviruses, and hepatitis viruses. This review synthesizes existing literature highlighting the diverse antiviral properties of Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and its viable application as an adjunct rather than monotherapeutic agent in viral infections. We outline three principal mechanisms through which Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    exerts its antiviral effects: direct interaction with viral proteins, interference with viral genetic replication processes, and modulation of host cellular environments to hinder viral replication. We further elaborate on the physiological role of Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in human nutrition, its dietary intake pathways, and the influence of nutritional zinc status on the antiviral efficacy of Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . This establishes a crucial connection between dietary zinc homeostasis and the host's antiviral defense. Future research directions should focus on elucidating the complex interplay between Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and viral dynamics, assessing zinc's geographical and age-related distribution in relation to viral infections, and developing clinical strategies to enhance Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    efficacy against a broader range of viruses. This review is essential for advancing our understanding of zinc's role in food chemistry and its critical contributions to human health and antiviral defense mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1770051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:52:27Z","timestamp":1778219547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antiviral potential of zinc ion: mechanisms and applications in viral infections"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leiliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.5.1758-1762.2000","article-title":"Zinc salts inactivate clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus in vitro","volume":"38","author":"Arens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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