{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:08:37Z","timestamp":1779170917579,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Oropouche virus (OROV) is an orthobunyavirus undergoing dramatic re-emergence and rapid geographic expansion across Central and South America, coinciding with the emergence of reassortant lineages carrying novel segment combinations and adaptive mutations. Despite extensive genomic and epidemiological characterization, the biological mechanisms driving OROV resurgence during 2023\u20132024 remain unclear. Here, we show that contemporary reassortant OROV isolates exhibit markedly enhanced virulence in the AG129 mouse model compared with the historical prototype strain OROV\n                    <jats:sub>BeAn19991<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Two reassortant 2024 isolates\u2014OROV\n                    <jats:sub>SC2024<\/jats:sub>\n                    from a non-Amazonian region and OROV\n                    <jats:sub>AC2024<\/jats:sub>\n                    from the Amazon Basin\u2014produced significantly higher viremia, accelerated disease progression, and increased mortality. These isolates disseminated widely, generating substantially elevated viral loads across multiple organs, including the spleen, kidney, liver, lung, uterus, and testes, and\u2014most notably\u2014demonstrated a heightened capacity for the brain. Infection with contemporary reassortant lineages also induced pro-inflammatory responses, characterized by consistent upregulation of IL-1\u03b2 across tissues. Together, these findings provide experimental evidence that ongoing viral evolution is likely driving a measurable increase in OROV pathogenicity, providing a biological framework to better understand the increased severity of clinical cases reported in recent outbreaks. This work underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, real-time genomic monitoring, and development of targeted countermeasures against this rapidly spreading arbovirus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1771021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:40:09Z","timestamp":1779169209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced virulence and neuroinvasion of contemporary Oropouche virus strains in the AG129 mouse model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ellen Caroline","family":"Nobre Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nath\u00e1lia","family":"Costa Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiza","family":"Godoy Rodrigues Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Gustavo","family":"Pontes Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"da Silva Brandi Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Teixeira Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcele","family":"Neves Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaque Jo\u00e3o da Silva","family":"de Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renan Pedra","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana F.","family":"de Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Baldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaovi M. H.","family":"Todjiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela L.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Departamento de Bioinform\u00e1tica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria E. C.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siad","family":"Amadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M. G.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia R.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ezequiel Dias","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talita E. 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M.","family":"Iani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ezequiel Dias","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keldenn M. F.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquitos Vetores, Endossimbiontes e Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Pat\u00f3geno-Vetor, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou-Fiocruz","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Departamento de Bioinform\u00e1tica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ezequiel Dias","place":["Belo Horizonte, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. 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