{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:42:51Z","timestamp":1792712571655,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC260510401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC260510401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The direct zoonotic risks associated with the growing online trade of live pets remain in adequately understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigate a human case of severe psittacotic pneumonia in Zhejiang Province, China, in which the patient\u2019s only avian exposure was through parrots recently purchased online. Using targeted probe-capture sequencing\u2014a method designed for uncultivable, low-biomass pathogens\u2014we recovered 13 high-quality\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia psittaci<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes directly from the patient, the asymptomatic parrots, and their shared home environment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative genomic analysis revealed &amp;gt;99.99% average nucleotide identity across all samples, providing definitive evidence of parrot-to-human transmission. The causative strain was identified as a novel sequence type (ST388) within the known virulent genotype A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This investigation provides the first whole-genome confirmation of psittacosis transmission via online pet commerce. It establishes a practical genomic framework for investigating similar sporadic zoonoses and underscores the urgent need for targeted surveillance of this emerging and risk communication in this growing digital marketplace.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1777495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:08:09Z","timestamp":1772539689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Online parrot trade as a source of psittacosis caused by a novel Chlamydia psittaci ST388"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenwu","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, AMMS","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifang","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ninghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, AMMS","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, First Hospital of Ninghai County","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co., Ltd.","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, AMMS","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10081015","article-title":"Chlamydia Psittaci ST24: clonal strains of one health importance dominate in Australian horse, bird and human infections","volume":"10","author":"Anstey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000409","article-title":"Psittacosis outbreak after participation in a bird fair, Western France, December 2008","volume":"139","author":"Belchior","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. 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Rep."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/2052-2975.29","article-title":"Clinical features of endemic community-acquired psittacosis","volume":"2","author":"Branley","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01429-0","article-title":"Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of severe pneumonias caused by Chlamydia psittaci","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1098-x","article-title":"The application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: a report of five cases","volume":"20","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. 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