{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T07:03:34Z","timestamp":1772435014635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our previous research demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) induced jejunal inflammation and hepatic steatosis, suggesting that small bowel microbiota contribute to these pathologies. This study investigated age- and sex-specific alterations in jejunal microbiota following a high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFHFD) in F344 rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six-week-old and two-year-old rats of both sexes were fed an HFHFD for 8 weeks, after which jejunal contents were collected for metagenomic analysis. Taxonomic profiling and linear discriminant analysis were performed, and Spearman\u2019s rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate associations with jejunal inflammation and hepatic steatosis. Beta-diversity analysis was conducted to assess group separation.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , HIEC-6 human intestinal epithelial cells were used to test the protective effect of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      under palmitic acid\u2013induced lipotoxic stress.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HFHFD reduced the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio in young females and in aged rats of both sexes. Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2014which supports barrier function\u2014decreased in young males and aged females. In contrast,\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased across all HFHFD groups, particularly in young females and aged rats.\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides vulgatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased in aged HFHFD-fed rats of both sexes, while\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides caccae<\/jats:italic>\n                      was elevated in females across both age groups. Furthermore, the\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      group decreased only in young HFHFD rats.\n                      <jats:italic>L. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                      groups negatively correlated with jejunal inflammation and hepatic steatosis, whereas\n                      <jats:italic>B. caccae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed positive correlations with both pathogenic phenotypes. Beta-diversity revealed a pronounced diet- and sex-dependent separation in young rats, which was attenuated in aged groups. In HIEC-6 cells,\n                      <jats:italic>L. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly restored viability under palmitic acid\u2013induced lipotoxic stress, though its conditioned medium did not.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Collectively, HFHFD induces age- and sex-dependent dysbiosis in the jejunum, and\n                      <jats:italic>L. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      may serve as a potential probiotic for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1779112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T06:35:36Z","timestamp":1772433336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age- and sex-dependent alterations of jejunal microbiota in Fischer 344 rats fed with a high-fructose, high-fat diet: depletion of Lactobacillus intestinalis in small bowel contents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sungchan","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Research Center for Sex- and Gender-Specific Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin-Hee","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Research Center for Sex- and Gender-Specific Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","place":["Seongnam, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2502-z","article-title":"Small bowel abnormalities in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Aoyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. 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