{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:12:55Z","timestamp":1793394775755,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated metabolic strategies to persist and replicate within the hostile intracellular environments of their hosts. By leveraging their metabolic plasticity, these pathogens dynamically modulate host metabolic processes in response to immunological, environmental, and pharmacological stressors. This review examines the diverse metabolic adaptations employed by intracellular pathogens, including nutrient acquisition, modulation of host metabolism, and stress-induced metabolic shifts that contribute to persistence and virulence. Emphasis is placed on how distinct intracellular niches- such as vacuoles and the cytosol- shape pathogen metabolism, and how bipartite metabolic strategies enable pathogens to balance energy production with biosynthetic demands. Species-specific adaptations in representative pathogens, including\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are analyzed, with a focus on mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming (the alteration of cellular metabolic pathways in response to environmental cues, such as infection or stress, which allows the pathogen to adapt its metabolic state to support survival, replication, and virulence within the host), stress tolerance (refers to a pathogen\u2019s ability to survive and function under harsh environmental conditions, such as oxidative stress, nutrient scarcity, and antimicrobial exposure), and lifecycle transitions (refer to the changes in a pathogen\u2019s developmental or replication stages, such as switching from active growth to a dormant or persistent state during infection). Finally, the review considers how these metabolic strategies intersect with antimicrobial resistance and highlights the potential of targeting host-pathogen metabolic interactions for the development of novel interventions, including host-directed therapies (HDTs).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1783835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:34:07Z","timestamp":1774935247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adaptive metabolic strategies of intracellular bacterial pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tripti","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California","place":["Los Angeles,, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric H.","family":"Rosenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering","place":["Brooklyn, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biplab","family":"Singha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shagun","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, IL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharad","family":"Vashisht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humankine, New Product Development, Proteintech Group Inc.","place":["Rosemont, IL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murugesh","family":"Padmanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Stanford University","place":["Palo Alto, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0034523","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00345-23","article-title":"Revisiting old friends: Updates on the role of two-component signaling systems in Listeria monocytogenes survival and pathogenesis.","volume":"92","author":"Alejandro-Navarreto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00509.x","article-title":"Autophagy is an immediate macrophage response to Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"7","author":"Amer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2136-9","article-title":"The ABC exporter IrtAB imports and reduces mycobacterial siderophores.","volume":"580","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22343-4","article-title":"Genetic and metabolic regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid growth arrest.","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91806-0.00005-9","article-title":"Chapter 1 - Mycobacterium tuberculosis adaptation to host environment","volume-title":"Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027226","article-title":"A new piece of the Shigella Pathogenicity puzzle: Spermidine accumulation by silencing of the speG gene [corrected].","volume":"6","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc-2023-0208","article-title":"Erlotinib-containing benzenesulfonamides as anti- Helicobacter pylori agents through carbonic anhydrase inhibition.","volume":"15","author":"Benito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.01.013","article-title":"Calpain activation by the Shigella flexneri effector VirA regulates key steps in the formation and life of the bacterium\u2019s epithelial niche.","volume":"11","author":"Bergounioux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01313-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01313-18","article-title":"Evolution of the arsenal of Legionella pneumophila effectors to modulate protist hosts.","volume":"9","author":"Best","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.12.012","article-title":"Nutrition and bipartite metabolism of intracellular pathogens.","volume":"27","author":"Best","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26782-x","article-title":"Mammalian solute carrier (SLC)-like transporters of Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"8","author":"Best","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00136","article-title":"To be cytosolic or vacuolar: The double life of Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"8","author":"Bierne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8020054","article-title":"Intracellular penetration and effects of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus inside human neutrophils: A comprehensive review.","volume":"8","author":"Bongers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay8085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8085","article-title":"Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cell metabolism and host defense.","volume":"370","author":"Bosch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007283","article-title":"Controlled branched-chain amino acids auxotrophy in Listeria monocytogenes allows isoleucine to serve as a host signal and virulence effector.","volume":"14","author":"Brenner","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12080516","article-title":"Quorum sensing and toxin production in Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis: Pathogenesis and paradox.","volume":"12","author":"Butrico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1009417","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009417","article-title":"Phenotypic-dependent variability and the emergence of tolerance in bacterial populations.","volume":"17","author":"Camacho Mateu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7014","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087014","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrases: A superfamily of ubiquitous enzymes.","volume":"24","author":"Capasso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2024.2365407","article-title":"Biomedical applications of prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases: An update.","volume":"34","author":"Capasso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2012.703185","article-title":"Biochemical properties of a novel and highly thermostable bacterial \u03b1-carbonic anhydrase from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1.","volume":"27","author":"Capasso","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.10.009","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Characterization and inhibition studies of the most active beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv3588c.","volume":"19","author":"Carta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45351-7","article-title":"Host association and intracellularity evolved multiple times independently in the Rickettsiales.","volume":"15","author":"Castelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mt00352c","article-title":"The ZupT transporter plays an important role in zinc homeostasis and contributes to Salmonella enterica virulence.","volume":"6","author":"Cerasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2013.842233","article-title":"Sulfonamides incorporating fluorine and 1,3,5-triazine moieties are effective inhibitors of three beta-class carbonic anhydrases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"29","author":"Ceruso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12762","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes cytosolic metabolism promotes replication, survival, and evasion of innate immunity.","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00268-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00268-20","article-title":"Ferric uptake regulator provides a new strategy for acidophile adaptation to acidic ecosystems.","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003954","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003954","article-title":"The Chlamydia trachomatis type III secretion chaperone Slc1 engages multiple early effectors, including TepP, a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein required for the recruitment of CrkI-II to nascent inclusions and innate immune signaling.","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012363899","article-title":"Hpt, a bacterial homolog of the microsomal glucose- 6-phosphate translocase, mediates rapid intracellular proliferation in Listeria.","volume":"99","author":"Chico-Calero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/life11010069","article-title":"Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates: Regulators of immune responses.","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31447","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.273607","article-title":"A complex lipoate utilization pathway in Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"286","author":"Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.21","article-title":"An update on iron acquisition by Legionella pneumophila: New pathways for siderophore uptake and ferric iron reduction.","volume":"10","author":"Cianciotto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006472","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors, including listeriolysin O, are secreted in biologically active extracellular vesicles.","volume":"294","author":"Coelho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01794-y","article-title":"Conservation of the glycogen metabolism pathway underlines a pivotal function of storage polysaccharides in Chlamydiae.","volume":"4","author":"Colpaert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00046-09","article-title":"ppGpp conjures bacterial virulence.","volume":"74","author":"Dalebroux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7716","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.22.7716-7726.2005","article-title":"Evidence for acquisition of Legionella type IV secretion substrates via interdomain horizontal gene transfer.","volume":"187","author":"de Felipe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2020.1755852","article-title":"Bacterial iota-carbonic anhydrase: A new active class of carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii.","volume":"35","author":"Del Prete","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050140","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae interaction with the host: Latest advances and future prospective.","volume":"7","author":"Di Pietro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.mbp-0002-2014","article-title":"Metabolic adaptations of intracellullar bacterial pathogens and their mammalian host cells during infection (\u201cPathometabolism\u201d).","volume":"3","author":"Eisenreich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00042","article-title":"How viral and intracellular bacterial pathogens reprogram the metabolism of host cells to allow their intracellular replication.","volume":"9","author":"Eisenreich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.30","article-title":"Chlamydia cell biology and pathogenesis.","volume":"14","author":"Elwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03313.x","article-title":"Unravelling the biology of macrophage infection by gene expression profiling of intracellular Salmonella enterica.","volume":"47","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.07.020","article-title":"Legionella pneumophila modulates mitochondrial dynamics to trigger metabolic repurposing of infected macrophages.","volume":"22","author":"Escoll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.07.016","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium canettii the smooth Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli.","volume":"10","author":"Fabre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11978","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11978","article-title":"The alternative sigma factor katF (rpoS) regulates Salmonella virulence.","volume":"89","author":"Fang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13582","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902922116","article-title":"Shigella promotes major alteration of gut epithelial physiology and tissue invasion by shutting off host intracellular transport.","volume":"116","author":"Ferrari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00012","article-title":"Nutrient salvaging and metabolism by the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"4","author":"Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22329","article-title":"Virulence factors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.","volume":"4","author":"Forrellad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1012492","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012492","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes requires phosphotransferase systems to facilitate intracellular growth and virulence.","volume":"21","author":"Freeman","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00023","article-title":"Toward a systemic understanding of Listeria monocytogenes metabolism during infection.","volume":"3","author":"Fuchs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.11.020","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and its implication in mycobacteria-host interaction.","volume":"41","author":"Gago","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.037","article-title":"Emergence of community behaviors in the gut microbiota upon drug treatment.","volume":"187","author":"Garcia-Santamarina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13389","article-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum surmounts obstacles to intracellular pathogenesis.","volume":"283","author":"Garfoot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Febs J."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12552","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12552","article-title":"Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen.","volume":"5","author":"Gehre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.11.3.286-291.1980","article-title":"Amino acid requirements of Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"11","author":"George","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12227","article-title":"Asparagine assimilation is critical for intracellular replication and dissemination of Francisella.","volume":"16","author":"Gesbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02579-14","article-title":"Importance of branched-chain amino acid utilization in Francisella intracellular adaptation.","volume":"83","author":"Gesbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400169","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202400169","article-title":"Achieving optimal health with host-directed therapies (HDTs) in infectious diseases\u2014A new horizon.","volume":"8","author":"Gholap","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Therapeutics"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6471","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.693481","article-title":"Growth-related metabolism of the carbon storage Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"291","author":"Gillmaier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00589-10","article-title":"CsrA and Cra influence Shigella flexneri pathogenesis.","volume":"78","author":"Gore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003928","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003928","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits asparagine to assimilate nitrogen and resist acid stress during infection.","volume":"10","author":"Gouzy","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.6.1835-1842.2001","article-title":"The pleiotropic two-component regulatory system PhoP-PhoQ.","volume":"183","author":"Groisman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00156","article-title":"Analysis of carbon substrates used by Listeria monocytogenes during growth in J774A.1 macrophages suggests a bipartite intracellular metabolism.","volume":"4","author":"Grubm\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55593","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202255593","article-title":"Dynamin-like proteins mediate extracellular vesicle secretion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"24","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006161","article-title":"L-glutamine induces expression of listeria monocytogenes virulence genes.","volume":"13","author":"Haber","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2602","article-title":"Manipulation of host membranes by bacterial effectors.","volume":"9","author":"Ham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01519.x","article-title":"Co-ordination of legionella pneumophila virulence with entry into stationary phase by ppGpp.","volume":"33","author":"Hammer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01535-09","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in Legionella pneumophila: Dependence on the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and connection with intracellular bacterial growth.","volume":"192","author":"Harada","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13313","article-title":"Pathway analysis using (13) C-glycerol and other carbon tracers reveals a bipartite metabolism of Legionella pneumophila.","volume":"100","author":"H\u00e4uslein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00465-10","article-title":"ArgR-regulated genes are derepressed in the Legionella-containing vacuole.","volume":"192","author":"Hovel-Miner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0281-8","article-title":"Interplay between host and pathogen: Immune defense and beyond.","volume":"51","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4891","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00484-07","article-title":"Respiration of Escherichia coli in the mouse intestine.","volume":"75","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00259-08","article-title":"Glycerol metabolism and PrfA activity in Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"190","author":"Joseph","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281823","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1281823","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis.","volume":"13","author":"Jury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.03.005","article-title":"Eat in or take out? Metabolism of intracellular Salmonella enterica.","volume":"28","author":"Kehl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6484","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126484","article-title":"Manipulation of host cell organelles by intracellular pathogens.","volume":"22","author":"Kellermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9929","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406694111","article-title":"Shigella reroutes host cell central metabolism to obtain high-flux nutrient supply for vigorous intracellular growth.","volume":"111","author":"Kentner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2017.1295451","article-title":"Brucella suis carbonic anhydrases and their inhibitors: Towards alternative antibiotics?","volume":"32","author":"Kohler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006734","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006734","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes switches from dissemination to persistence by adopting a vacuolar lifestyle in epithelial cells.","volume":"13","author":"Kortebi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.11.005","article-title":"Listeriolysin O suppresses phospholipase C-mediated activation of the microbicidal NADPH oxidase to promote Listeria monocytogenes infection.","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6788","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.445056","article-title":"Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits host-derived fatty acids to limit metabolic Stress*.","volume":"288","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005870","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005870","article-title":"Systems level analyses reveal multiple regulatory activities of CodY controlling metabolism, motility and virulence in Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"12","author":"Lobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12890","article-title":"The metabolic regulator CodY links Listeria monocytogenes metabolism to virulence by directly activating the virulence regulatory gene prfA.","volume":"95","author":"Lobel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26641-w","article-title":"Emerging technologies and infection models in cellular microbiology.","volume":"12","author":"L\u00f3pez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4329","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084329","article-title":"Shigella vaccines: The continuing unmet challenge.","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e700","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00700-20","article-title":"Identification of listeria monocytogenes genes contributing to oxidative stress resistance under conditions relevant to host infection.","volume":"89","author":"Mains","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00125","article-title":"Metabolism of the vacuolar pathogen Legionella and implications for virulence.","volume":"4","author":"Manske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0012023","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00120-23","article-title":"Arginine metabolism powers Salmonella resistance to oxidative stress.","volume":"91","author":"Margolis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.119.301834","article-title":"Adaptation through lifestyle switching sculpts the fitness landscape of evolving populations: Implications for the selection of drug-resistant bacteria at low drug pressures.","volume":"211","author":"Matange","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081005","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in bacterial infections.","volume":"12","author":"Maurice","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.01.551011","article-title":"Evolutionary genomics identifies host-directed therapeutics to treat intracellular bacterial infections.","author":"Medicielo","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv [Preprint]"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.11.007","article-title":"The unraveling panoply of Francisella tularensis virulence attributes.","volume":"13","author":"Meibom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0319022","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03190-22","article-title":"The Chlamydia effector CpoS modulates the inclusion microenvironment and restricts the interferon response by acting on Rab35.","volume":"14","author":"Meier","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398264-3.00002-4","article-title":"Elemental economy: Microbial strategies for optimizing growth in the face of nutrient limitation.","volume":"60","author":"Merchant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00972-06","article-title":"Interference of components of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system with the central virulence gene regulator PrfA of Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"189","author":"Mertins","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.064","article-title":"Succinate dehydrogenase supports metabolic repurposing of mitochondria to drive inflammatory macrophages.","volume":"167","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063426","article-title":"Role for chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins in inclusion membrane structure and biogenesis.","volume":"8","author":"Mital","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2019.1663416","article-title":"Anti- Helicobacter pylori activity of ethoxzolamide.","volume":"34","author":"Modak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00457","article-title":"Mycobacterial control of host mitochondria: Bioenergetic and metabolic changes shaping cell fate and infection outcome.","volume":"10","author":"Mohareer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a010348","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010348","article-title":"Helicobacter and salmonella persistent infection strategies.","volume":"3","author":"Monack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24878","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v6.24878","article-title":"Fueling the caries process: Carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation by Streptococcus mutans.","volume":"6","author":"Moye","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06597.x","article-title":"Acid stress activation of the sigma(E) stress response in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.","volume":"71","author":"Muller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18084","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206411109","article-title":"Link between intraphagosomal biotin and rapid phagosomal escape in Francisella.","volume":"109","author":"Napier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102338","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis development requires both host glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation but has only minor effects on these pathways.","volume":"298","author":"N\u2019Gadjaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.06.038","article-title":"Inhibition studies of the beta-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with sulfonamides and sulfamates.","volume":"19","author":"Nishimori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0128-5","article-title":"Itaconate: The poster child of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage function.","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02401-0","article-title":"The host cytosol: Front-line or home front?","volume":"10","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0065922","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00659-22","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance via bacterial cell shape-shifting.","volume":"13","author":"Ojkic","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00003","article-title":"The life cycle of L. pneumophila: Cellular differentiation is linked to virulence and metabolism.","volume":"8","author":"Oliva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12059","article-title":"Chlamydial metabolism revisited: Interspecies metabolic variability and developmental stage-specific physiologic activities.","volume":"38","author":"Omsland","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088170","article-title":"Listeria intracellular growth and virulence require host-derived lipoic acid.","volume":"302","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711159105","article-title":"Mycobacterial persistence requires the utilization of host cholesterol.","volume":"105","author":"Pandey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03101","article-title":"Chlamydia persistence: A survival strategy to evade antimicrobial effects in-vitro and in-vivo.","volume":"9","author":"Panzetta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.VMBF-0027-2015","article-title":"Bacterial metabolism shapes the host-pathogen interface.","volume":"4","author":"Passalacqua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881549","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.881549","article-title":"CodY is a global transcriptional regulator required for virulence in group B streptococcus.","volume":"13","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000995","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000995","article-title":"Histone methylation by NUE, a novel nuclear effector of the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis.","volume":"6","author":"Pennini","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13021-8","article-title":"Quorum sensing modulates the formation of virulent Legionella persisters within infected cells.","volume":"10","author":"Personnic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.01.015","article-title":"Adaptations of intracellular bacteria to vacuolar or cytosolic niches.","volume":"30","author":"Petit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15966-7","article-title":"Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus persisters upon antibiotic exposure.","volume":"11","author":"Peyrusson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00975-13","article-title":"Analysis of the proteome of intracellular Shigella flexneri reveals pathways important for intracellular growth.","volume":"81","author":"Pieper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1212868","article-title":"Host proteasomal degradation generates amino acids essential for intracellular bacterial growth.","volume":"334","author":"Price","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2423114122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2423114122","article-title":"Itaconate mechanism of action and dissimilation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","volume":"122","author":"Priya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M114.044552","article-title":"Importance of host cell arginine uptake in Francisella phagosomal escape and ribosomal protein amounts.","volume":"14","author":"Ramond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003893","article-title":"Glutamate utilization couples oxidative stress defense and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Francisella phagosomal escape.","volume":"10","author":"Ramond","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2112","article-title":"Life on the inside: The intracellular lifestyle of cytosolic bacteria.","volume":"7","author":"Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.24290","article-title":"Cellular microbiology and molecular ecology of Legionella-amoeba interaction.","volume":"4","author":"Richards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0274397","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274397","article-title":"The regulon of Brucella abortus two-component system BvrR\/BvrS reveals the coordination of metabolic pathways required for intracellular life.","volume":"17","author":"Rivas-Solano","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1166325","article-title":"Legionella pneumophila restrains autophagy by modulating the host\u2019s sphingolipid metabolism.","volume":"12","author":"Rolando","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1649-1660.2006","article-title":"Salmonella enterica highly expressed genes are disease specific.","volume":"74","author":"Rollenhagen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2018.1539716","article-title":"Identification and characterization of the \u03b1-CA in the outer membrane vesicles produced by Helicobacter pylori.","volume":"34","author":"Ronci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01080-5","article-title":"Immunometabolic crosstalk during bacterial infection.","volume":"7","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00042","DOI":"10.1097\/IN9.0000000000000042","article-title":"The role of cholesterol and its oxidation products in tuberculosis pathogenesis.","volume":"6","author":"Roth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunometabolism"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.BAI-0012-2019","article-title":"Modulation of host cell metabolism by chlamydia trachomatis.","volume":"7","author":"Rother","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1919-1928.2003","article-title":"Contribution of the Shigella flexneri Sit, Iuc, and Feo iron acquisition systems to iron acquisition in vitro and in cultured cells.","volume":"71","author":"Runyen-Janecky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00165","article-title":"Manipulation of host cholesterol by obligate intracellular bacteria.","volume":"7","author":"Samanta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12567","article-title":"At the crossroads: Communication of bacteria-containing vacuoles with host organelles.","volume":"18","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0066-2019","article-title":"Metabolism of the gram-positive bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.","volume":"7","author":"Sauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107138","article-title":"The antimicrobial activity of innate host-directed therapies: A systematic review.","volume":"63","author":"Shapira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e705","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00705-19","article-title":"Metabolic switching of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during hypoxia is controlled by the virulence regulator PhoP.","volume":"202","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2013.800059","article-title":"3D-QSAR CoMFA studies on sulfonamide inhibitors of the Rv3588c beta-carbonic anhydrase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and design of not yet synthesized new molecules.","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14010063","article-title":"Metabolic rewiring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis upon drug treatment and antibiotics resistance.","volume":"14","author":"Singha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0412623","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04126-23","article-title":"Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis\u2019 closest-related non-tuberculous mycobacteria.","volume":"12","author":"Sous","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13073","article-title":"Surface hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by the outer membrane protein Rv0888 supports replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages.","volume":"97","author":"Speer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2017.11.001","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation of intracellular bacteria and fungi to macrophages.","volume":"308","author":"Sprenger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.02.001","article-title":"Control of bacterial transcription, translation and replication by (p)ppGpp.","volume":"11","author":"Srivatsan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00860-y","article-title":"Intracellular lifestyle of Chlamydia trachomatis and host\u2013pathogen interactions.","volume":"21","author":"Stelzner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407672-3.00003-4","article-title":"Regulation of bacterial pathogenesis by intestinal short-chain fatty acids.","volume":"85","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B147","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Strain Variation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex: Its Role in Biology, Epidemiology and Control.","author":"Supply","year":"2017"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208783877884","article-title":"Carbonic anhydrases\u2013an overview.","volume":"14","author":"Supuran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2016.1201479","article-title":"New light on bacterial carbonic anhydrases phylogeny based on the analysis of signal peptide sequences.","volume":"31","author":"Supuran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986","article-title":"Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1\u03b2 through HIF-1\u03b1.","volume":"496","author":"Tannahill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0525-3","article-title":"Shigella-mediated oxygen depletion is essential for intestinal mucosa colonization.","volume":"4","author":"Tinevez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.12.001","article-title":"Metabolic adaptations to infections at the organismal level.","volume":"41","author":"Troha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279826","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1279826","article-title":"Key players in the regulation of iron homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface.","volume":"14","author":"Ullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68102-6","article-title":"Identification of kinase inhibitors as potential host-directed therapies for intracellular bacteria.","volume":"14","author":"van den Biggelaar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages.","volume":"17","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2024.2370979","article-title":"Host and bacterial lipid metabolism during tuberculosis infections: Possibilities to synergise host- and bacteria-directed therapies.","volume":"51","author":"van der Klugt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.80","article-title":"Survival of Escherichia coli in the environment: Fundamental and public health aspects.","volume":"5","author":"van Elsas","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.03.009","article-title":"Formulation of host-targeted therapeutics against bacterial infections.","volume":"220","author":"Varma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.04.105","article-title":"Inhibition studies with anions and small molecules of two novel \u03b2-carbonic anhydrases from the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.","volume":"21","author":"Vullo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01575-13","article-title":"Role of intracellular carbon metabolism pathways in Shigella flexneri virulence.","volume":"82","author":"Waligora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061009-102430","article-title":"Lipid droplets and cellular lipid metabolism.","volume":"81","author":"Walther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10003","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810003","article-title":"Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi induces host metabolic reprogramming to increase glucose availability for intracellular replication.","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931653","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.931653","article-title":"The role of tryptophan in Chlamydia trachomatis persistence.","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ftx108","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx108","article-title":"Orchestration of the mammalian host cell glucose transporter proteins-1 and 3 by Chlamydia contributes to intracellular growth and infectivity.","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00933-15","article-title":"A functional core of IncA is required for Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion fusion.","volume":"198","author":"Weber","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2022.100105","article-title":"The Legionella genus core effectors display functional conservation among orthologs by themselves or combined with an accessory protein.","volume":"3","author":"Wexler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04490.x","article-title":"Intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila depends on host cell amino acid transporter SLC1A5.","volume":"55","author":"Wieland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-008-9188-x","article-title":"Genetics and environmental regulation of Shigella iron transport systems.","volume":"22","author":"Wyckoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"research0051","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-9-research0051","article-title":"Dynamic diversity of the tryptophan pathway in chlamydiae: Reductive evolution and a novel operon for tryptophan recapture.","volume":"3","author":"Xie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02291","article-title":"Therapeutic targets in chlamydial fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis.","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.08.010","article-title":"MMAR_2770, a new enzyme involved in biotin biosynthesis, is essential for the growth of Mycobacterium marinum in macrophages and zebrafish.","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128706","article-title":"Effect of pH on the mitigation of extracellular\/intracellular antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance pathogenic bacteria during anaerobic fermentation of swine manure.","volume":"373","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2000262","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.202000262","article-title":"Proteomics reveals the potential mechanism of Mrps35 controlling Listeria monocytogenes intracellular proliferation in macrophages.","volume":"21","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e160463","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI160463","article-title":"The immunometabolite itaconate stimulates OXGR1 to promote mucociliary clearance during the pulmonary innate immune response.","volume":"133","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00096","article-title":"Importance of metabolic adaptations in francisella pathogenesis.","volume":"7","author":"Ziveri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1783835\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:34:09Z","timestamp":1774935249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1783835\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":175,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1783835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1783835","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-302X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"article-number":"1783835"}}