{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:06:49Z","timestamp":1773198409906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite the success of mRNA-LNPs vaccines against viruses, their potential against prokaryotic pathogens remains underexplored. We provide proof-of-concept for an mRNA-LNPs vaccine against\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), the primary cause of dental caries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We constructed LNPs-encapsulated mRNA vaccines encoding\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      PAc antigen alone or PAc fused with human IgG Fc domain, aiming to enhance mucosal immunity via Fc-FcRn interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A heterologous intramuscular prime-intranasal boost regimen induced robust, durable (&amp;gt;4\u202fmonths) sIgA responses-2.6-fold higher with Fc fusion-that significantly inhibited\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm formation\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and reduced moderate dentinal caries by &amp;gt;60% in rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial antigens can be effectively delivered via mRNA platforms, and Fc fusion is a promising strategy to enhance mucosal immunity against oral, respiratory, and other mucosal pathogens, consistent with Fc-FcRn-mediated mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1785919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:41:58Z","timestamp":1773124918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preclinical evaluation of an mRNA-LNPs vaccine for mucosal protection against dental caries"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yongchuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]},{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology\/Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Oral Health, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology\/Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Oral Health, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dazhuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoxiong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., 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