{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T06:54:06Z","timestamp":1774853646890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes diarrhea in calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle, and respiratory diseases, posing a significant threat to the cattle industry. In this study, a BCoV strain was isolated from intestinal lymph node tissues of infected calves in Hami, Xinjiang, using HRT-18G cells with an optimized trypsin-HEPES synergistic culture system. Following plaque purification, the virus was confirmed by RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and transmission electron microscopy, and designated as BCoV-XJHM. The viral titer reached 10\n                    <jats:sup>8.0<\/jats:sup>\n                    TCID\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/mL. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that BCoV-XJHM shares 98.4\u201399.2% nucleotide identity with 35 representative domestic strains, clustering with the Guangxi strain (GX-NN230328, PP599028.1) in the same evolutionary subclade. Two amino acid substitutions (S81A and S149A) were observed in the N-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid (N) protein. In a BALB\/c mouse model, oral inoculation of BCoV-XJHM induced significant body weight loss (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001) and mild pulmonary pathology, with viral RNA detected in lung and colon tissues. This study reports an optimized protocol for BCoV isolation in HRT-18G cells, describes two amino acid substitutions in the N protein of the BCoV-XJHM strain, and establishes a BALB\/c mouse model for evaluating BCoV pathogenicity in a heterologous host.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2026.1788466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:26:58Z","timestamp":1774848418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation, identification and pathogenicity analysis of BCoV epidemic strains in Xinjiang"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rulong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development for Herbivores","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00884-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00884-14","article-title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia.","volume":"5","author":"Alagaili","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643220","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.643220","article-title":"Bovine coronavirus and the associated diseases.","volume":"8","author":"Anastasia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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